1. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Why did the Cold War Last So Long?
The Cold War at Home
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Why did the Cold War Last So Long?

2. TEKS and Objectives We will… I will…
(8B) describe how Cold War tensions were intensified by the arms race, the space race, McCarthyism, and the House Un- American Activities Committee (HUAC), the findings of which were confirmed by the Venona Papers 27B explain how specific needs result in scientific discoveries and technological innovations in … medicine, including vaccines
Summarize how Cold War tensions were increased during the 1950s

3. Arms Race USSR Develops Atomic Bomb (1949) Hydrogen Bomb
Marks beginning of the Arms Race
Hydrogen Bomb
U.S. develops H-bomb in 1952
USSR gets H-bomb in 1953

4. Space Race Soviets Launch Sputnik (1957) U.S. Reaction
First satellite launched into space
Started the space race
U.S. Reaction
Fear Soviets would use missiles to send nuclear bombs
New programs in science education
Creation of NASA
Launched satellite in 1958

5. The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
Loyalty Review Boards
Established by Truman to investigate individual “un-American” activities
i.e. participation in the American Communist Party
Process violated constitutional rights
HUAC
Investigation committee
Questioned actors, directors, writers, and others about Communist sympathies

6. The Rosenberg Trials Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Charged with selling national secrets to Soviets about atomic bomb
Found guilty and executed for spying
Venona Papers released by NSA
Decoded messages from Soviet military in the 1940s
Revealed identities of several Americans who had spied for the Soviets (including Julius)
Showed Soviets had penetrated U.S. government, science, and industry

7. The McCarthy Hearings Senator Joseph McCarthy Second Red Scare
Fueled a national witch hunt for suspected Communists
No proof of his charges
Second Red Scare
Hysteria about Communism
Many falsely accused; blacklisted
McCarthyism
Harsh accusations without evidence

8. The Eisenhower Presidency (1953-1960)

9. Foreign Policy Under Eisenhower
Eisenhower Doctrine
Extension of containment policy
Vowed to send troops to any Middle Eastern nations fighting Communism
Brinkmanship
John Foster Dulles (Sec. of State)
Threatening enemies even if war breaks out
Playing “Chicken”

10. Domestic Policy Under Eisenhower
WWII Veterans
Special benefits providing low mortgage rates
GI Bill (passed in 1944) provided education grants and housing allowances
Interstate Highway Act (1956)
Created system of federal highways

11. Prosperity Under Eisenhower
Baby Boom
Spike in the birth rate
Stimulated economy
Housing Boom
Middle class migrated to suburbs
Declining urban tax base/decaying inner cities
Economic Boom
Government spending on defense
Increased consumerism
Prosperity/growth of middle class
U.S. dominated world trade

12. Advances in Medicine Jonas Salk Other Medical Advances
Developed first vaccine for polio (1953)
Polio paralyzed thousands of American children each year
Other Medical Advances
Measles vaccine
First heart transplant
Discovery of streptomycin (antibiotic of tuberculosis)

13. Create this graphic organizer in your notebook and explain how these events intensified the Cold War.
Increased Cold War Tensions
Arms Race
Space Race/Sputnik
House Un-American Activities Committee
Rosenberg Trial/Venona Papers
McCarthyism
Korean War