2. The Urinary System Foundation Standard 1: Academic Foundation
Understand human anatomy, physiology, common diseases and disorders, and medical math principles.
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems
structures of the urinary system
gross and microscopic anatomy
functions of the urinary system
process of urine formation
urine composition
homeostatic balance
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system
Etiology
Pathology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention

3. The Excretory System “Water Purification Plant”
Urinary System
The Excretory System
“Water Purification Plant”
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system)

4. Functions of the Urinary System
Produces of urine
Maintains homeostasis of blood
Maintains blood pressure
Helps regulate the body’s pH
Stimulates red blood cell production
Helps in many metabolic processes
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (functions of urinary system, homeostatic balance)

5. Anatomy of the Urinary System
Kidneys (2) - make urine
Ureters (2) - carry urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder
Bladder - expandable sac that holds urine
Urethra - tubing that transports urine to outside of body
Urinary meatus – external opening from the bladder to the outside
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system,)

6. Anatomy of the Kidney
Renal Capsule - fibrous covering of connective tissue
Renal Hilum – indentation giving the kidney its bean shape
Renal arteries and veins enter here
Ureters attach here
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system,)

7. Anatomy of the Kidney

8. Nephrons The functional units of the kidney Microscopic
filter blood to remove waste products
about 120 to 150 quarts of blood daily
forms urine
about 1 to 2 quarts of urine daily
Microscopic
Portions of the nephron are located in both the cortex and medulla areas of the kidney
Blood and urine flow from the outside area (cortex) to the inner regions (medulla) of the kidney
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system, gross and microscopic anatomy)

9. Anatomy of the Nephrons
Renal Corpuscle - an expanded bulb-like end of the nephron located in the cortex of the kidney
Contains the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
Filtration occurs
Renal Tubules - thin twisting ducts of tubes
Portions of the renal tubule are located within both the renal cortex and medulla
Absorption and secretion occur
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures of urinary system, microscopic anatomy, process of urine formation)

10. Anatomy of the Nephrons
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures of urinary system, microscopic anatomy,)

11. Filtration Reabsorption Secretion Formation of Urine
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (process of urine formation)

12. The Renal Corpuscle Glomerular Filtration
blood passes through the filter
excess water
electrolytes
glucose
fatty acids
amino acids
nitrogenous wastes
vitamins
substances are either reabsorbed or excreted
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (, process of urine formation)

13. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Connects the Bowman’s capsule with the loop of Henle
Reabsorption by osmosis occurs
glucose
sodium
chloride
potassium
urea
phosphate
water
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (process of urine formation)

14. The Renal Tubules Reabsorb fluid back into the blood
Descending- reabsorbs certain solutes, water and ions (permeable)
Loop of Henle
Ascending reabsorbs salts then more water (osmosis) exits the descending limb which in turn creates concentrated urine
Distal convoluted tubule- responsible for maintaining balanced pH levels of both blood and urine
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (process of urine formation)

15. Tubular Secretion Composition of Urine
95% of total urine volume is water
5% solutes from cellular metabolism or other outside sources such as drugs
Organic Components
urea
uric acid
creatinine
potassium
ketone bodies
Inorganic Components
chloride
sodium
calcium
ammonium
magnesium
phosphate
sulfate
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (urine composition)

16. Ureters Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
an extension of the renal pelvis
25 to 30 cm long (10 to 12 inches)
Primary function is to transport urine
gravity (hydrostatic pressure)
peristaltic action
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system,)

17. Urinary Bladder A hollow muscular organ that stores urine
Shape is dependent upon how much urine is present at any given time, rugae allow for expansion
When filled with urine it is somewhat pear shaped
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system,)

18. Urethra
A small tube leading from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body
2 inches in females
8 inches in males
Urethral orifice (meatus)
the opening of the urethra to the exterior
External urethral sphincter
sphincter muscle controlling urination
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system,)

19. Diseases and Disorders: Urinary System
Abnormal Constituents of Urine
Cystitis
Glomerulonephritis
Kidney Stones
Renal Failure
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as: kidney disease,). a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e. Prevention

20. Abnormal Constituents of Urine
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as: kidney disease,). a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e. Prevention

21. Abnormal Constituents of Urine
Ketone bodies (ketosis or acetonuria)
diabetes
starvation
too few carbohydrates
Microbes
bacteria
Leukocytes (pyuria)
indicates infection in the urinary system
Bilirubin (bilirubinuria)
Urobilogen (urobilogenuria)
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as: kidney disease,). a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e. Prevention

22. Cystitis Inflammation of the urinary bladder Can be caused by: injury
infection
chemicals
Symptoms include:
burning sensation upon urination
painful urination
frequent urination
urgency
low back pain
possibly bed wetting
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as: kidney disease,). a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e. Prevention

23. Glomerulonephritis Also called Bright’s Disease
Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys
Also called Bright’s Disease
Can be caused by an allergic reaction to toxins given off by bacteria that have infected another part of the body
Can result in kidney failure
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as: kidney disease,). a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e. Prevention

24. Kidney Stones Renal Calculi composed primarily of
crystalline masses present in the pelvis of the kidney (calcium an uric acid)
composed primarily of
oxalates
phosphates
carbonates
Size of stones varies
Treatment- shock therapy, uteroscope,
ot surgery
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as: kidney disease,). a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e. Prevention

25. Renal Failure
A decrease or cessation of glomerular filtration (less than 10% of function)
Acute Renal Failure (ARF)
sudden worsening of renal function
may be a result of hypovolemic shock
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
progressive, irreversible decline in function
can be caused by
chronic glomerulonephritis
Pyelonephritis
congenital polycystic disease
traumatic loss of kidney tissue
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as: kidney disease,). a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e. Prevention

26. Treatment of Renal Failure
Transplantation
Dialysis
Hemodialysis
Shunts put in artery and vein
Blood circulates through dialysis machine that allows diffusion of small ions and molecules across a membrane while dialysis fluid on the other side keep important metabolites in circulation
Peritoneal dialysis
Dialysis fluid introduced into the peritoneum which acts as a dialysis membrane, then fluid is removed
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system – Urinary System