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Introduction to the Human Body
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What is Anatomy and Physiology?
Anatomy and physiology is the study of structure and function of the human body Why are you taking this class? Going into the medical field Want to know how the body works Understand how disease work and affect the body
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Anatomy Anatomy: Means to “dissect” or to examine the structures of the body. 3 types of studies of anatomy Systemic Anatomy: Study of body systems Example: Nervous System, Respiratory System,etc Regional Anatomy: Study of the organization of body areas Example: Head, Abdomen, arm, etc Surface Anatomy: Is the study of external features
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Systemic Anatomy
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Physiology Physiology: Looks and deals with the process or functions of living things Example: Why and how your kidneys work 2 studies of physiology Human Physiology: Study of specific organism Cellular and Systemic Physiology: Emphasize on specific organizational levels (cells, nerves, etc)
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Structural and Functional Organization
There are 7 structural levels of the body Chemical Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organsystem Organism
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Characteristics of Life
Organization: 7 structural levels Metabolism: All chemical and physical changes Responsiveness: Responding to stimuli Growth: Getting Larger Differentiation: Changes in cell structure and function Reproduction: Creating fertile offspring
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Homeostasis Homeostasis = Tendency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced, internal environment. “Sameness throughout”
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Negative Feedback Negative Feedback: Regulates homeostasis by deviating the not normal variable to become normal (High/low blood pressure to normal blood pressure) Negative Feedback Mechanisms Receptor Control Center Effector
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Positive Feedback Positive Feedback: Is not homeostatic and are rare in healthy people. If there is a deviation from the normal the response is greater than what is required
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Positive or Negative Feedback?
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