1. STUDY UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE
EMC I A
STUDY UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE

2. UNIT OUTCOMES Describe basic applied anatomy.
Understand basic medical terminology.
Understand the role that basic life support plays in overall patient management.

3. APPLIED ANATOMY
Definition: The study of the human body & its parts as it relates to the diagnosis & treatment of disease.
Allows for explanations of clinical conditions
Provides reference points
Basis of examinations

4. ORIENTATION Provided by the use of: Anatomical positions
Anatomical regions
Planes
Directional references
Sectional planes
Body cavities

5. 1) ANATOMICAL POSITIONS
Get student to stand up and demonstrate
Note:
Palms forward
Feet slightly set apart

6. ANATOMICAL POSTITIONS CONT…
All four: 1)Anterior 2)Posterior 3)Supine 4)Prone

7. ANATOMICAL REGIONS Cephalic (head) Cervical Thoracic Abdominal
Pelvic (self explanatory)
Gluteal (Buttock)
Femoral (thigh)
Crural (Leg)
Sural (calf)
Tasal (Ankle)
Plantar (soul)
Pedal (foot)
Brachial (upper arm)
Antebrachial (forearm)
Carpal (wrist) …..carpal tunnel syndrome
Manual (hand)

8. GUESS THE REGION

9. ABDOMINAL ANATOMICAL REGIONS
Used in diagnostics to identify the underlying organs.

10. DIRECTIONAL REFERANCES
Moement

11. SECTIONAL PLANES

12. BODY CAVITIES Ventral BC divided by Diaphragm
Providing THORACIC & ABDOMINAL-PELVIC cavity

13. BODY CAVITIES CONT…

14. BASIC LISFE SUPPORT INTERVENTION
What is this?
Definition: Level of medical care that is used for victims of life- threatening illnesses or injuries until they can be given full medical care at a hospital.
Meaning?
These are the situations needing immediate intervention.
Four parts:
Chest compressions
Airway
Breathing
Defibrillation
Activation
CPR – 30:2, (at least 100) /m, 5cm or 1/3rd of A-P diameter. Chest recoil. While charging
Dfib – recognition of rhythm, joule settings ( bi) (360 mono), with rhythm check (every 2min)
ALS – pharmacology, advanced procedures
Post care – blood pressure maintenance, cooling, etc

15. BASIC APPROCH Assess: Scene & Patient. Hazards, Hello, Help.
Normal or abnormal breathing?
Activate: Get gear
Specific resources
Pulse Check: How long? 5-10 seconds
CPR: Within 10 seconds
How? 5cycles of 30:2 (2min)
Hazards: why is the patient hurt, what's going on, windshield survey
Hello: AVPU
Help: Resources
Agonal gasping

16. APPROCH TO CPR C – Compressions A – Airway B - Breathing
Allows for quicker initiation of chest compressions. Focus is more CPR less interruptions
When do we start CPR?
Where do we feel for a pulse?

17. PRIMARY SURVEY Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure Open
Rate
Skin
GCS
Proper look
Patent
Mechanics
Pulse
Pupils
Vital signs
Maintainable
Sounds
Blood Pressure
Glucose
Colour Vs. SpO2
Brain
Kidneys
Breathing: Mechanics – rate, depth, symmetry, etc.
Circulation: Skin – colour, capp, injuries
Pulse – rate, regular, correlating, volume, central vs. peripheral
BP – MAP (2xdiastolic) + systolic / 3
Brain – AVPU
Kidneys – output

18. SECONDARY SURVEY
S – signs & symptoms. A – allergies. M – medication. P – previous medical hx. L – last meal. E – events leading up to…

19. TERTIARY SURVEY
-Head injury -Hypoxia -HGT -Heart -Hypovolemia -Hypothermia -Toxins -Tension -Tamponade -Thrombus -Blood Gas
Hypoxia = SpO2 < 90% HGT = 3.5 – 8.5mmol/l Temp = ’C
Blood gas = pH 7.35 – 7.45 K+ 3.5 – 4.5mmol/l Na+ 135 – 145mmol/l

20. REFERANCES :
Martini F, Nath J L. Fundamentals of anatomy & physiology. Eighth edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Hazinski M F. BLS for healthcare providers student manual. American Heart Association
Ramrakha P S, Moore K P, Sam A. Oxford handbook of acute medicine. Third edition. Oxford publications