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The Colonial Era: Economic, Political, Social
#1 Enslavement in the Colonies #2 Characteristics of the Colonists #3 The Enlightenment/The Religious Impulse #4 Imperial Rivalries: Spanish and French
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Growth of Colonial America
Provincial capitals High-birth rate Immigration Diversity of Population & Religion Poverty in the Colonies Consumer Revolution & Cities Decline of Indigenous Populations
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#1 The Creation of the Slave Institution in the Colonies
First Arrivals 1560s- Spanish 1619 Virginia Shift in Landscape English and Africans: Anti-Black stereotypes 1640s Virginia: slavery Slave Laws: 1662, 1691 Virginia Chattel Slavery “From Cradle to Grave” Slave Culture Religious roles of Black women
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#2 Characteristics of the “Colonists”
Most colonies were business enterprises. Isolation from indigenous populations- Waged war for land. Belief Systems: Racially, Culturally, Spiritually superior to indigenous and enslaved. Gender assumptions and distinctions supported by English law Economic distinctions Characteristics of the first colonists
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#2: To Be Enlightened The American Enlightenment
Influence of Europe: French, British Scientific method of investigation- research and experimentation Reasons For Enlightenment Religious wars of 17th century Criticism of social and political institutions John Locke Arminianism Deism
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To Be Awakened Religion in the 18th Century
Sermons, treatises and copies of Christian Bible Religious Revivals: Causes For… Westward expansion, commercial development, rationalism Lack of individual engagement Worldwide Revival of religious fundamentalism Rationalism and religious purity Wahabbism- Middle East, Central Asia Modern-day terrorism/state sponsored terrorism Hasidic Jews “Hell, Fire, and Brimstone…” 1720s- style of preaching George Whitefield Critics of the Great Awakening
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#3: Imperial Rivalries: Spanish and French Empires Meet the Frontier
Culture Clashes War against the indigenous Spanish North America Geography Religious missions Presidios California: The Church and the Mission system San Diego French Empire Sugar plantations Free Blacks in New Orleans War in The Upper Midwest- “the Middle Ground” Ohio Valley: French, British, Indigenous Communities Impact on Indigenous communities
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(French and “Indian” War)
The Seven Years’ War (French and “Indian” War) Warfare for Imperial Domination Europe, West Africa, Asia- colonial conflicts Main conflict Colonial Conflicts: British, French, trade, Ohio River Valley War against the indigenous populations Land and Spirituality A World Transformed: British Victory Reshaped landscape and balance of power Treaty of Paris 1763 (Peace of Paris, 1763) Pontiac’s Rebellion 3 Indigenous communities General Amherst’s policies
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Historical Snapshot: Mississippi in the 1700s
Historical Importance Treaty of Paris: Clause British expansion Indigenous Populations River- Trade/ War/Enslavement Exploration of Mississippi River Cabeza de Vaca Hernando de Soto Rene de La Salle European Influence Spanish- cotton shipments to Liverpool, England French American African slaves 1719
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