1. By Jacqueline Rojas FulbRight /Camões, I.P. Research grantee 2016/2017
Beyond Aid: A case study on the effectiveness of Portugal’s development cooperation policies from 2000-present
By Jacqueline Rojas
FulbRight /Camões, I.P. Research grantee 2016/2017

2. Presentation agenda Project background
Case study of Portuguese development cooperation policy
Implications
Next steps

3. Project background
Experience as a 2014 Boren Scholar to Maputo, Mozambique,
Colonial history between Portugal and Mozambique
Recent discoveries of natural resources meant increased investment by foreign countries, including Portugal
Developed interest in Portugal’s role and strategies for international development in its former colonies

4. Beyond aid
In the context of Portuguese development cooperation

5. Understanding beyond aid
Need for the beyond aid discussion
Early forms of development cooperation conducted in a more fragmented manner with imposed conditionality; led to massive critiques of aid
Global commitment to the Millennium Development Goals
Results of the High Level Fora on Aid Effectiveness
Rome
Paris
Accra
Busan
Understanding beyond aid
Umbrella term referring to changes in the development cooperation landscape

6. The commitment to development index
Produced by the Center for Global Development
Metric tool used to evaluate how development friendly the policies of 27 different countries are
Measures policies across seven indicators:
Aid
Finance
Technology
Environment
Trade
Security
Migration
CDI demonstrates that all of these countries, even those ranked highly, have areas in which they could improve upon to make development cooperation more effective. Also demonstrates that aid is not the only factor that matters

7. Portugal’s 2016 cdi scores
Overall, Portugal is ranked in fifth.

8. The Portuguese case
Portugal consistently does not meet the international standard for ODA requirements.
Peer reviews conducted by the OECD DAC call for improvements in management of development cooperation programs
BUT
Outside of the aid indicator, Portugal’s development cooperation policies are at least as or more development friendly than the average country.
Strong and consistent in its technology and environment policies.

9. the technology indicator
Government R&D share of GDP
Government R&D share of GDP: Measures government expenditures on research and development in areas like agriculture and energy.
Tax incentives: Level of government support for private research and development, measured by the B-index
Intellectual property rights
Patents coverage: Are a country’s patent coverage policies too restrictive?
TRIPS+, anti-circumvention rules, database protection: Assessment of country’s intellectual property right provisions which go beyond TRIPS.
Rights loss provision: Assessment of rich countries intellectual property right provisions which relate to the compulsory licensing, patent revoking and opposition system and exceptions for research or defense purposes.
Break down technology indicator to describe what pieces of Portuguese are conducted well
In 2014 the government provided 0.94% of its GDP for research and development (R&D), which puts Portugal above average on this indicator. Portugal is also rewarded for policies which incentivize business research and development activities. Portugal has less stringent intellectual property rights policies compared to other CDI countries, and performs especially well on patent coverage, but it has room for improvement in the areas of patent revocation and database protection.
Portugal’s scores:
0.937%
0.211% 2
1.65
1.5

10. Other factors
Framework for development cooperation is called Development Strategic Concept for Portuguese Cooperation ; main conceptual document based on past experience and lessons learned
Focus on bilateral cooperation policy work with former colonies such as Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe
Several of these countries happen to be considered least developed countries, which aligns with global goals for poverty reduction
In recent years, Portugal has also developed strategic plans for bilateral cooperation work
According Custer et al. (2015), Portugal has proven to be particularly adept at influencing reform agendas of partner governments and do well with aligning policy to partner country priorities.
What are other factors that help add to the effectiveness of Portugal’s development cooperation policy?
CDI show their policy efforts are strong…
For Custer et al. point Interestingly, Table 11 also reveals that several actors with relatively little weight in the international development finance market (including Luxembourg, the CDB, New Zealand, Taiwan and Portugal) have proven to be particularly adept at influencing the reform agendas of their counterpart governments. From Listening to leaders survery

11. Implications and next steps
thoughts

12. Implications Future research
Aid, although an important factor in development cooperation, is not the only factor that impacts the effectiveness of development cooperation work.
Countries, like Portugal, which only provide a relatively low amount of ODA can work to improve their policies in other areas to make development cooperation more effective
The tools exist for countries to learn from each other and implement more effective development cooperation policy and programs.
Future research
In-depth case study on Portugal’s technology and environmental policies, as they relate to development cooperation
More comparative study between countries at similar ODA levels
What progress has Portugal made in its commitment to policy coherency and the Sustainable Development Goals?

13. As for me… Fulbright experience has been enriching and engaging.
Cultural exchange
Language development
Travel throughout Portugal
Joining the 2019 Class of Masters of Global Human Development at Georgetown University
Research interests in development effectiveness will carry on as well as interests in Portugal and the PALOPs
Fulbright research has prepared me immensely for understanding the international systems at play and what has helped define the current development cooperation landscape

14. Muito obrigada
Pela sua atenção, e especialmente à commissão Fulbright Pela oportunidade
Questions? Stay in touch!
Jacqueline rojas //