2. Materials Engineering9
Chapter
Materials Engineering

3. Objectives Define materials engineering.
Identify different types of materials.
Describe a range of material properties.
List examples of material tests.
Describe nanotechnology.

4. Materials Engineering
Design, development of new materials
Production using specific materials
Materials engineers work in many fields
Specialize in one material
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5. Professional Aspects Bachelor’s degree required Internships
Professional societies
ASTM
Materials Information Society
Materials Research Society
NACE International
Other groups for ceramics, plastics, metals

6. Principles of Materials Engineering
Materials used in all engineering fields
Engineers must understand
Types of materials
Properties of materials
Nano-Tex

7. Material Types
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8. Metals Crystalline Inorganic Commonly used in alloys
Most pure metals natural
Many found in ore
Commonly used in alloys

9. Crystalline Atomic Structure
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10. Types of Steel

11. Ceramics Crystalline Brittle Good insulators
Include clay, cement, many abrasives
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12. Polymers Organic materials Noncrystalline Natural or synthetic
Plastics most common
Thermoplastics and thermosets
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13. Polymers
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14. Going Green Recycling Plastics made from oil, natural gas
Never biodegrade
Society of Plastics Industry created codes
Recycling symbol, number, abbreviation
Useful to consumers who recycle
Over 82 million tons of materials recycled per year in United States

15. Composites Combine two or more materials Natural or synthetic
Matrix and fiber
Matrix is main material
Fiber is strengthening material
Include wood, concrete, plywood, fiberglass
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16. Other Materials Fluids Semiconductors Biomaterials
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17. Design Materials Symbols Used by designers, architects
Symbols for common building materials
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18. Material Properties Physical Mechanical Electrical Magnetic Chemical
Thermal
Optical
Acoustical

19. Physical Properties Determined using senses
Size, shape, look, feel, taste, smell
Not determined using senses
Density
Mass per unit of volume
D = m/v
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20. Mechanical Properties
Material behavior when force, load applied
Stress
Compression strength
Tensile strength
Shear stress
Elasticity
Plasticity

21. Stress/Strain Diagram
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22. Electrical Properties
Material behavior when electrically charged
Types
Conductors, insulators, semiconductors
Conductivity
Resistivity
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23. Magnetic Properties Material behavior within magnetic field
Magnetic permeability
Measured in Henrys per meter
Impacted by temperature, distance from magnetic field
If high, material allows magnetic flow

24. Chemical Properties Changed by chemical reaction
Flammability, corrosion
Can damage materials so control is necessary
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25. Thermal Properties Material response to heat Thermal conductivity
Thermal resistance
Thermal expansion
Melting point
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26. Optical Properties Light wave interaction with material
Absorption
Reflection
Transmission
Reflected light gives material color
Transmission is light that passes through materials

27. Acoustical Properties
Sound waves interaction with material
Absorption
Reflection
Transmission
Porous materials absorb sound
Smooth materials reflect sound in one direction
Rough materials reflect sound in many directions

28. Material Testing Using new, different materials requires testing
ASTM leads testing standards development
Categories
Destructive material tests
Nondestructive material tests

29. Destructive Tests Mechanical properties Chemical properties
Exert force until material fails
Tensile tests
Compression tests
Fatigue tests
Chemical properties
Corrosion reaction
Saltwater
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30. Nondestructive Tests Inspect materials, products for flaws, defects
Visual examinations
Wave testing
Radiography tests
Ultrasonic tests
Current testing
Eddy current testing
Magnetic particle testing

31. Nanotechnology New material, device design at scale of nanometer
Potential used
Deliver medicines directly to cancerous tumors
Create microscopic computer chips
Manufacture self-cleaning, self-repairing materials

32. Nanoparticles Most basic components
Some materials have properties at nanoscale not present at larger scales
Products being designed to use properties
Nano-Tex

33. Nanostructures Nanowires Nanotubes Buckyball
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34. Nanotubes Cylindrical fullerenes with honeycomb pattern
Useful in electronics, structural applications
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35. Buckyballs Perfectly round molecules Useful as lubricants
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36. Materials Engineering in Action
Materials engineering principles, applications used to create solutions
Elements to consider
Material function
Manufacturability
Cost
Safety
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