1. CHAPTER 17 Window Treatments, Lighting, and Accessories
Housing and Interior Design
By Carolyn S. Turner
Window Treatments, Lighting, and Accessories

2. Objectives Summarize different types of window treatments.
Contrast types of lighting available for residential and commercial uses.
Summarize the properties of light.
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3. Objectives
Plan residential lighting for visual comfort, safety, and beauty.
Distinguish between structural and nonstructural lighting.
Summarize guidelines for the use, placement, and care of accessories.

4. Window Treatments
Window treatments are applications added to window units
to help control the home environment
for purely decorative purposes
When choosing window treatments, consider the window
style
size
location
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5. Window Treatments A window treatment should provide sun control
privacy
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6. Window Treatments
Window treatments include draperies, curtains, shades, shutters, blinds, and decorative top treatments
Windows may be left untreated when
privacy is not a concern
the shape is too difficult to treat
they are an important architectural focal point
they provide a beautiful view of the outdoors
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7. Window Treatments
Consider the feeling to be created in the room, such as a
formal or informal mood
traditional or contemporary style
Custom or made-to-measure window treatments are more costly than ready-made treatments
Give careful consideration to the fabrics you select

8. Draperies and Curtains
Draperies and curtains are
the most common window treatments
extremely versatile and can fit any decor
The type you choose depends on the
room’s décor
function of the windows

9. Draperies
Draperies are pleated fabric panels that cover windows completely or are pulled to the side
They can be opaque or translucent to block or permit passage of light
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10. Draperies Draperies can be lined or unlined Lined draperies can
block sunlight
protect draperies from sun fading
make draperies hang better
You can use draperies alone or with curtains, shades, blinds, and decorative top treatments

11. Curtains
Curtains are flat fabric panels that hang to the left and right of a window or may completely cover it
For hanging on windows, curtains
may have a rod-pocket hem
decorative drapery hardware
tabs of sewn fabric at the top
Ruffles, bands of fabric, and trim add interest to the panels
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12. Curtains
The amount of light, insulation, or privacy curtains provide depends on the fabric
Sheer fabrics give a light, airy feeling
For privacy, use heavier fabrics
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13. Curtains
Cafe curtains are horizontal panels hung in tiers to cover part of a window
Push them to the window sides to control air, light, and privacy
Draperies and curtains should fall to stool, apron, or floor length
Other places on the window may look too short or too long

14. Shades, Shutters, and Blinds
Shades block unwanted light, such as intense sunlight in the afternoon or streetlight at night, and include
roller shades in informal rooms
Roman shades stack into horizontal pleats when raised, but hang flat when closed
balloon shades form soft poufs along the bottom
accordion or honeycomb pleated shades
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15. Shades, Shutters, and Blinds
Shutters are vertical panels that are hinged together to open and close
Movable horizontal slats or louvers are within the shutter frames
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16. Shades, Shutters, and Blinds
Blinds are window treatments with slats that can be tilted, raised and lowered, or moved to the side
They are often made of wood, metal, plastic, or fabric
There are three basic styles of blinds
horizontal blinds
miniblinds
vertical blinds

17. Decorative Window-Top Treatments
Decorative top treatments combine with other window treatments to add interest, and include
swags
valances
cornices
lambrequins

18. Types of Artificial Light
Previously, the two main kinds of artificial light used in homes were incandescent and fluorescent light
New technology is replacing the old with other types of light sources
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19. Incandescent Light
Incandescent light is produced when electric current passes through a fine tungsten filament inside a bulb
The electricity heats the filament until it glows and gives off light
Incandescent lightbulbs range from 15 to 250 watts for the home
A higher wattage gives more light
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20. Incandescent Light
A lumen is a measurement of the amount of light a bulb produces
A higher lumen means the bulb emits more light
Incandescent bulbs produce very little light for the energy used
They are not very efficient sources of light
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21. Incandescent Light
Incandescent bulbs for home use have a frost finish to
reduce glare
make shadows appear softer
Use clear bulbs only in fixtures that hide the bulbs
A three-way bulb can produce different amounts of light in a single bulb
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22. Incandescent Light
The Energy Independence and Security Act established energy efficiency standards for many types of lightbulbs
This includes the proposed phase-out of incandescent and other inefficient bulbs
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23. Tungsten-Halogen (Quartz) Light
Tungsten-halogen (quartz) lights are another form of incandescent lighting
Halogen gas combines with tungsten molecules to activate a filament inside a quartz enclosure
They produce a whiter type of light
The bulbs last up to three times longer than regular incandescent bulbs

24. Fluorescent Light
Fluorescent light is produced in a glass tube by releasing electricity through a mercury vapor to make invisible ultraviolet rays
A coating of fluorescent material on the inside of the glass tube converts these rays to visible light
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25. Fluorescent Light
A fluorescent light produces about four times as much light as an incandescent bulb of the same wattage
The tubes are more expensive than incandescent bulbs, but
last longer and are less expensive to use
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26. Fluorescent Light
The color of light varies by changing the fluorescent material coating in the tube
Cool-white light intensifies blues and green
Warm-white light intensifies yellows, reds, and oranges
Fluorescent lights are often used in kitchens, bathrooms, and workshops

27. Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) are replacing old incandescent bulbs
CFLs use regular lightbulb sockets and come in many sizes and shapes
Some CFLs have a cork-screw shape and newer models look like standard incandescent bulbs
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28. Compact Fluorescent Lamps
In a CFL, electric current runs through a tube containing argon gas and a small amount of mercury vapor
CFLs use about 75 percent less energy and operate for nearly 9,000 hours
Broken CFLs can emit a small amount of dangerous mercury
Dispose of CFLs properly

29. Lighting from Fiber Optics
Fiber optics is a type of heatless light produced by passing an electric current through a cable containing very fine strands of glass
These cables are primarily used in communications (such as Internet and TV), but are also useful for lighting
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30. Lighting from Fiber Optics
Optical fibers permit transmissions over longer distances and high bandwidths
Fiber optic lighting lends a dramatic effect in interior spaces
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31. Light-Emitting Diodes (LED)
Light-emitting diodes (LED) are composed of crystals on silicon chips about the size of a grain of salt
These crystals produce light when a low electric current passes through them
An LED bulb can last 100,000 hours or more
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32. Light-Emitting Diodes (LED)
LED lighting is more expensive, but it
lasts longer
consumes less energy
is more durable
gives off less heat
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33. The Properties of Light
You can use light to achieve several different effects in a home
By understanding the various properties of light, you can make it work for you
Objects and surfaces absorb or reflect light
Light can shine directly on a certain spot or lighten a whole room

34. Reflected Light Light, color, and texture are closely related
Without light, there is no color
Colors reflect and absorb various amounts of light
Rough textures look dark because tiny shadows form where the light does not reach
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35. Reflected Light Reflected light is light that bounces off surfaces
Light comes from surfaces and its source
Surfaces that reflect light include
light colors
background treatments
smooth, shiny surfaces
Avoid lighting placement that creates glare

36. Absorbed Light Absorbed light is light that is drawn in by a surface
Rough textures and dark colors absorb most available light rays
If light is absorbed, it cannot be reflected
A room with many dark surfaces may require additional light for certain activities

37. Diffused Light Diffused light is light that scatters over a large area
It has no glare and creates a soft appearance
Devices that diffuse light, or diffusers, spread light evenly
For example, a lamp shade covering a light fixture serves as a diffuser

38. Light Temperature
Color temperature is the color of light as rated in kelvin (K), a temperature scale, that impacts how items appear in light
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39. Light Temperature
Light from these sources is divided into the following three general tones, including
orange (incandescent), which is °K
white (halogen), which is °K
blue (fluorescent), which is 3000°K for warm, and 4000°K for cool
Keep in mind how the light affects the surfaces when selecting lights

40. Color Rendering Index (CRI)
The color rendering index (CRI) indicates how well light from a source brings out the true color
The CRI scale is from 1-100, with 100 equaling the color rendering of daylight
The closer the CRI of a light source is to 100, the more accurately the light reproduces color

41. Functions of Lighting
Lighting illuminates the environment so people can comfortably see when performing certain tasks, especially
those that may pose a safety hazard
Lighting also brings attention to
beautiful objects
attractive architectural features

42. Lighting for Visual Comfort
Two types of lighting create visual comfort in a home, including
general (ambient)
task
The type and amount of light needed varies from room to room
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43. General Lighting (Ambient)
General lighting, or ambient lighting, provides uniform light throughout a room
Lighting that shines directly toward an object is direct lighting, and
provides the most light possible to a specific area
creates a sharp contrast between light and dark areas
should be used with other room lighting
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44. General Lighting (Ambient)
Indirect lighting is directed toward a surface, such as a ceiling or wall that reflects the light into the room
Indirect lighting
may provide soft light for a large area
is not enough light for detailed work

45. Task Lighting
Task lighting is used in areas where specific activities require more light
The right amount helps prevent eyestrain
The finer the detail or the faster the action taking place, the more light is needed
Task lighting can serve as general lighting for another part of a room
Combine general and task lighting to give adequate light without sharp contrast
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46. Task Lighting
Use higher levels of task lighting to assure good vision when performing such tasks as
writing letters
carving wood
sewing
reading
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47. Measuring Light Wattage is the amount of electricity a lightbulb uses
A lumen is a measurement of the amount of light a bulb produces
One lumen is the amount of light produced by a source equaling the intensity of one standard candle
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48. Measuring Light
Foot-candle is a measurement of how much light reaches an object or surface
One foot-candle is the amount of light a candle gives to an object one foot away
One foot-candle equals one lumen per square foot
You can measure the amount of light reaching a surface with a light meter

49. Lighting for Safety To help prevent accidents and fires
light your way as you go from room to room
switch lights on and off from each doorway
turn on stairway lighting when using stairs
light entrances
control garage or carport lighting from inside or outside the house
control outside lighting from inside the house
wiring for lighting must meet safety standards
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50. Lighting for Safety
The National Electrical Code is a standard with which all wiring should comply
Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is a safety-testing organization
Always read and follow the instructions for the use and care of the lights
Use bulbs that are the correct wattage as specified by fixture manufacturers

51. Lighting for Beauty
Some lighting is decorative, which adds beauty to a space
Soft light can create a quite, restful mood
Sharp light can highlight the focal point in a room
Accent lighting is a form of lighting that serves as a highlight
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52. Lighting for Beauty Use decorative lighting outside the home, such as
yard lights next to the street
lights near entrances
lighting patios for night use
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53. Structural and Nonstructural Lighting
Lighting delivery affects the appearance of a room
There are two ways to deliver light in a room, including
structural
nonstructural

54. Structural Lighting
Structural light fixtures are permanently built into a home
Keep structural light fixtures in harmony with other aspects of the room’s design
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55. Structural Lighting
Consider the following points about structural lighting
Diffused light gives more visual comfort than exposed bulbs
Fixtures that can change position to allow for usage in more than one way
Fixtures that provide different light levels allow for more flexibility in the home
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56. Structural Lighting Types of structural lighting fixtures include
valance lighting
bracket lighting
cornice lighting
cove lighting
recessed down
soffit lighting
wall washers
strip lighting
track lighting
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57. Nonstructural Lighting
Nonstructural lighting is lighting that is not a structural part of the house
You can move, change, and replace these lights more easily than any other lighting
Lamps are the most common type of nonstructural lighting
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58. Nonstructural Lighting
When choosing lamps, consider
a sturdy or heavy base prevents tipping
those with a diffusing bowl to prevent glare
a harp that makes it possible to change the height of the lampshade
harmonizing the colors and textures
light-colored, translucent lampshades
adjustable lamps because they are the most practical

59. Choosing Accessories
Accessories are items smaller than furnishings that accent the design of a room or area
They can be decorative, functional, or both
Decorative accessories add beauty to a room
Functional accessories accent the room while serving another purpose
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60. Choosing Accessories
Accessories often reflect the personalities of those who use the space, and can
show a preference for such items as pictures, clocks, antiques, or treasured objects from other countries or cultures
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61. Discuss
Accessories should blend with the style and period of the room whether it is functional or decorative
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What options do you have if an accessory detracts from the overall room design?

62. Choosing Accessories
Accessories near one another should have something in common, such as
color, texture, style, or purpose
Give some thought to cost, function, versatility, and maintenance when purchasing accessories

63. Recap
The finishing touches of a room include window treatments, lighting, and accessories
Influences on window treatments include
window style, size, and location
the amount of light you want to let in
Window treatments include draperies, curtains, shades, shutters, and blinds, and a variety of decorative top treatments
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64. Recap Artificial light supplements natural light
Types of artificial lighting include incandescent, fluorescent, CFL, and LED
Lighting can achieve different effects, and includes such properties as reflected light, absorbed light, diffused light, and light temperature
Use general and task light for visual comfort
Use light for safety and beauty
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65. Recap Structural lighting is built into the house
Nonstructural lighting is separate from the structure of the house
Accessories are part of the design scheme and can be decorative, functional, or both
Accessories reflect personality and lifestyle
Successful accessory arrangements requires understanding the element and principle of design