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Chapter 10 Chemical Equations
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A chemical reaction is a reaction in which at least one new substance is formed.
Example – Hydrogen and oxygen react to form water.
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A chemical equation is a shorthand method of writing a chemical reaction using chemical symbols and formulas. Example – H2 + O2 H2O
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Symbols Used in Equations
(g) – gas (cr) – crystalline solid (l) – liquid (aq) – aqueous solution
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Law of Conservation of Mass
In an ordinary chemical reaction, mass can neither be created nor destroyed. Mass of products must equal the mass of the reactants.
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Balancing Chemical Equations
1. Count the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. 2.Use coefficients to balance the equation. 3. Always use the lowest possible ratio of coefficients to balance.
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Examples
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Practice Website
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Balancing NO-NO’s Coefficients can only be added BEFORE a chemical symbol or formula. NEVER change a subscript to balance an equation.
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Signs a Chemical Reaction Has Occurred:
Color change Liberation of a gas Energy change Formation of a precipitate Change in odor
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5 Major Types of Chemical Reactions
1. Synthesis Reaction – 2 or more reactants combine to form one product. Example-
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Rust is the product of a synthesis reaction.
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2. Decomposition Reaction – the breakdown of one reactant into its components.
Example -
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3. Single Replacement Reaction – one element replaces another in a compound.
Example -
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4. Double Replacement Reaction – the positive and negative ions of two reactants exchange places.
Example-
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Many times a precipitate is the result of a double replacement reaction.
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5. Combustion – the burning of an organic compound in oxygen to form CO2 and H2O and energy.
Example -
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Welding is an example of a combustion reaction.
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Practice – Classifying Reactions
Cl2 + 2KBr KCl + Br2 2Ag2O 4Ag + O2 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl PbCl2 + Li2SO4 PbSO4 + 2LiCl
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Activote Quiz CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
This equation is an example of which type of chemical reaction: Decomposition Synthesis Combustion Single Replacement
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LAB – Chemical Reactions
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Writing Chemical Equations
7 Diatomic elements Chlorine Fluorine Iodine Bromine Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrogen
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Common Acids Sulfuric acid Nitric acid Carbonic acid Hydrochloric acid
Acetic acid Phosphoric acid
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