1. Unit 5 Unit 6 The mole Analytical stoichiometry
Lundquist

2. The Mole
Unit 5.1

3. Story time with L

4. What would happen if you had a mole (unit of measurement) of moles (the small furry animals)?
YAY Chemistry!
And physics
And gore

5. Definitions Mole (mol) A unit Just a number like: “dozen” is 12
“pair” is 2
“gross” is doz dozens so 144
“ream” is 500
A mole is 602,214,129,000,000,000,000,000 of something (usually written 6.022×1023)
Used to count molecules, which there are a lot of

6. Definitions 1 mole Close the number of atoms in 1 g of hydrogen
~the number of grains of sand on earth

7. A mole A burrowing mammal Not always pretty
So what would 602,214,129,000,000,000,000,000 animals look like?

8. Wild approximations
A moleanimal is small enough to throw, lets call it 1lb
1lb is 1kg (not really but sure)
602,214,129,000,000,000,000,000 is twice as long a trillion
so 1 trillion trillions
Planets weight about 1 trillion trillions

9. Better numbers
An eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) weighs about 75 grams
(6.022×1023)×75g≈4.52×1022kg
1 mole of moles = ½ moon

10. How much space does that take up?
Mammals are MOSTLY water
1kg water = 1L water
so 4.52×1022 kg = ×1022 L
The cube root of 4.52×1022 liters is 3,562 kilometers
a sphere with a radius of 2,210 km
a cube 2,213 miles on each edge

11. RELEASE the moles!
Released onto the Earth’s surface, they’d fill it up to 80 kilometers deep
a smothering ocean of high- pressure meat that would wipe out most life on the planet
doing this on Earth is definitely not an option

12. Moles on the moon! Well near it…
Gravitational attraction would pull them into a sphere
Slightly larger than the moon
Meat doesn’t compress well

13. Life on the mole-moon (Moletopia)
 surface gravity about one-sixteenth of earth
~Pluto
~70oF (27oC) at first
Moderately warmer core

14. Oddities on the Moletopia
Lots of energy
Could feed earth for 30 billion years
Internal pressure over 100MPa
You’re currently sitting at ~0.1MPa
Decomposition could heat the mole- planet to a boil

15. DRILL THE MOLE-MOON! Self-limiting decomposition
Bacteria can’t survive over 60oC
Interior would eventually form kerogen then oil

16. EWWWWW! Exterior fur-coating would insulate the interior
Interior core would heat
Causing eruptions of meat

17. Heat death Everything cools and Moletopia is no exception
Freezes all the way through
Form exotic forms of ice

18. Don’t worry it’ll take a while

19. The End
YAY!

20. The mole 1 mole is 6.022 x 1023 1 mole = 6.022 x 1023
Use it like any conversion
Examples:
0.5 mol is how many ions
How many moles is 1.81 x atoms of gold?

21. Do p. 19

22. Mole Analogy Project Worth a test grade
Create an analogy that breaks a mole down to a number less than 500 million (5x108)
Ex: How much could I give ever person on Earth if I had a mole of pennies?

23. Molar Conversions
Unit 5.2

24. Unit 5.1 Note Quiz Questions1.

25. Atom Inventory Subscript Apply to what is DIRECTLY in front of them
Coefficient
Apply to the WHOLE molecule

26. Unit 5.2 Note Quiz Questions
Hint: Both sides of the reaction must be equal 2. 3. 4.

27. Do p. 8

28. Which would weigh more?

29. Which would weigh more?

30. Early Chemistry
Dalton was the first to make a table of relative masses
Used hydrogen
H doesn’t bond with metals
Berzelius used oxygen as it bonds with most other elements
Issues arose with understanding of isotopes
16O was used as the standard
IUPAC developed the model used today in , based off 12C
Accounts for 98.9% of all carbons

31. Carbon-12 12C has a mass of EXACTLY 12 amu
12g of 12C contains x1023 atoms of C
the masses on the periodic table are the mass of 1 mole of that element

32. Molar Mass the mass of 1 mole of a compound

33. Unit 5.2 Note Quiz Questions7. 5. 6.

34. Conversions Mass to mole Mole to mass How many moles is in 9g H2O
How much would 2.0mol CH4 weight?

35. Mole Conversions

36. Do p. 18

37. Example Problem
A cup of Starbucks coffee contains g of sugar, house hold sugar is sucrose (C12H22O11). How many moles of sugar in a cup of coffee?
How many molecules?

38. Do p Do p

39. Unit 5.2 Note Quiz Questions8. 9.
10.

40. Analytical chemistry
Unit 6.1

41. Percent Composition You are 70% water The earth is 50% oxygen
The sun is 75% hydrogen

42. Simple percent composition
If a sample is 5.0 g and is found to contain 3.75g C, and the rest is H, what percent is C? What percent is H?
% 𝐶 = 3.75𝑔𝐶 5.0𝑔 𝐶 𝑥 𝐻 𝑦 ×100=75 % 𝐶 % 𝐻 = 5.0𝑔−3.75𝑔𝐶 5.0𝑔 𝐶 𝑥 𝐻 𝑦 ×100= 1.25𝑔𝐶 5.0𝑔 𝐶 𝑥 𝐻 𝑦 ×100=25 % 𝐻

43. Percent Composition The percentage of a compounds mass of an element
𝐴 2 𝐵 % 𝐴 = 2𝐴 2𝐴+3𝐵 ×100

44. Unit 6.1 Note Quiz Questions1. 2.

45. Do p. 11

46. Chemical Formulas Molecular Formulas Empirical formulas
Actual number of each element present
Used for covalent compounds
Simplest ratio of one element to another
Used for ionic compounds

47. Chemical Formulas Converting from empirical formulas to molecular formulas
Since the formula is reduced by a whole number the mass is also reduced by a whole number
Determine the whole number and you can find the molecular formula
4 P + 10 O
4(39.97) + 10 (16)
319.88g/mol
2 P + 5 O
2(39.97) + 5 (16)
g/mol
𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍= 𝑨 𝒙 𝑩 𝒚 𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓=( 𝑨 𝒙 𝑩 𝒚 )𝒏 𝒏= 𝑴 𝑴 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑴 𝑴 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓= 𝑨 𝒏𝒙 𝑩 𝒏𝒚

48. Example: A compound with the empirical formula of CH2O has a molar mass of 180g/mol, what is it’s molecular formula?

49. Unit 6.1 Note Quiz Questions3. 5. 4.

50. Unit 6.1 Note Quiz Questions7. 8.

51. Do p. 9

52. When in doubt, burn it.

53. The Poem By Mrs. Freeman Percent to mass Mass to mole Divide by small
Multiple till whole

54. Example
A white powder is analyzed and found to contain 43.64% P and 56.36% O by mass. The compound has a molar mass of g/mol. What are the compound’s empirical and molecular formulas?

55. Unit 6.1 Note Quiz Questions9.
10.

56. Finish p. 12 Do p. 13, 14, & 15

57. Quiz next class Percent composition Find the empirical formula
Find molar mass
Find molecular formula
𝑀𝑀= 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑙

58. Chemical Equations
Unit 6.2

59. Types of Chemical Reactions

60. Unit 6.2 Note Quiz Questions1. 2. 3.

61. Unit 6.2 Note Quiz Questions4. 5. 6.

62. Do p. 23 & 24

63. Balancing Chemical Reactions
The Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter cannot be created nor destroyed
What you start with MUST equal what you end with
When obeyed a reaction is said to be “balanced”

64. Balancing Chemical Reactions
When balancing you may ONLY CHANGE COEFFICIENTS
Altering subscripts changes the compound
H2O ≠ H2O2

65. Balancing Chemical Reactions
Ways to balance equations
Atom inventory
Pictures

66. Balancing Chemical Reactions Tips
Keep polyatomic ions together
H2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2  BaSO4 + HNO3

67. Balancing Chemical Reactions Tips
Save anything elemental for last
CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O

68. Balancing Chemical Reactions Tips
When stuck double EVERYTHING except what is giving you trouble
C2H6 + O2  CO2 + H2O

69. Unit 6.2 Note Quiz Questions8. 7.

70. Unit 6.2 Note Quiz Questions
10. 9.

71. Do p. 24

72. Writing chemical equations
ALL about nomenclature
Ionic compounds
metals + nonmetals
Uses charges
Covalent compounds
nonmetals only
Prefixes tell you how many
Watch out for Diatomics
Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 H2 O2 F2
Sulfur trioxide is produced from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. It reacts with atmospheric water vapor to produce hydrogen sulfate, a key component in acid rain. Write the balanced chemical reaction for this process

73. Writing chemical equations
“+”
Reacts with
Combines with
And
“”
Produces
Forms
Makes
“(s)”
Any shape word
solid
“(l)”
Liquid
“(g)”
Gas
vapor
Sulfur trioxide is produced from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. It reacts with atmospheric water vapor to produce hydrogen sulfate, a key component in acid rain. Write the balanced chemical reaction for this process

74. Do p. 26

75. THE END Test NEXT PERIOD! 25 MC you will need to 21 to get a 100
Multiple Choice homework due NEXT PERIOD!
Test NEXT PERIOD!
25 MC you will need to 21 to get a 100
1 free response worth 10 points, you will need to earn 5 to get a 100