1. Define the word Attrition.
Terrific Tuesday
April 12, 2016
Agenda:
The Balkans Article
Warm-up
FN: WWI Technology and
Home Fun:
FN:
FN: WWI Territorial Changes
Causes of WWI paragraph for project
Take out the following
FN: New Technologies of War
FN: The Fronts- A War of Attrition
Warm-Up
Define the word Attrition.
AP Euro Week 13

2. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

3. Today’s Standard Essential Question
examine the geographic factors and their significance in the development of military strategies, locate and discuss the significance of the theaters of battle.
Essential Question
What role does geography play in the development of military strategy and how does this lead to the stale mate of Trench Warfare in WWI?

4. A Multi-Front War

5. Trench Warfare

6. Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”

7. Verdun – February, 1916 German offensive. Feb. 1916 – Dec. 1916
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
Germans gain 4 miles

8. The Somme – July, 1916 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
British gained 5 miles

9. Major Turning Points 1st Battle of the Marne – ended Schlieffen Plan
Battle of Tannenburg – gives German’s upper hand in East
Russian Revolution – ends two front war for Germany
U.S. Entry – increases Allied soldier Morale
2nd Battle of the Marne – Central Powers loose and Allies have upper hand

10. The Mediterranean Front

11. The Gallipoli Disaster
Purposes of campaign:
Seize & secure Dardanelles
Take Ottoman capital, Constantinople
Establish supply line to Russia
Mount offensive into Austria-Hungary

12. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
Lasted from Feb. to Dec. (1915)
Allies suffered 250,000 casualties
Allies eventually give up

13. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

14. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

15. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

16. The Tsar with General Brusilov

17. The “Colonial” Fronts

18. Sikh British Soldiers in India

19. Fighting in Africa
Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]
British Sikh Mountain Gunners

20. 3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

21. Fighting in Salonika, Greece
French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China

22. Work on anything you need to for AP Euro
Winsome Wednesday
April 12, 2016
Agenda:
Precious Time 15 min.
FN: WWI
The Armenian Gen.
The end of the war
Home Fun:
Map of Europe 1919/1920 – pg 865
Work on WWI Project
SAQ prep – review pages – European Response to the Empire (Napoleonic) – see if you can find any 20th century colonial uprisings (India? Africa) that are similar to the reactions of countries to French Rule
Precious Time
Work on anything you need to for AP Euro
15 min
US History Week 13

23. The Armenian Genocide

24. Today’s Standard
Discuss human rights violations and genocide, including the Ottoman governments actions against Armenian citizens.
What was the Armenian Genocide? Explain its effects.

25. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

26. Fighting in the East Armenian Genocide
Genocide – the systematic murder of an entire group of people
Turkish government attempts to wipe out Armenians in Turkish empire.

27. Armenian Genocide 2.5 million Armenians in Turkish Empire
Armenians are Christian
Thought to be traitors of the Muslim empire
Obstacle to an all Turkish empire (extreme nationalism)

28. Armenian Genocide
April 24th, 1915 – 100’s of Armenians arrested – executed, imprisoned, or deported
1000’s of women and children deported to Syrian desert – died of starvation and thirst
Men executed.

29. Armenian Genocide From 1915 to around 1919 –
1,500,000 of the 2,500,000 Armenians killed

30. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey
1914
1922
Erzerum
215,000
1,500
Van
197,000
500
Kharbert
204,000
35,000
Diarbekir
124,000
3,000
Bitlis
220,000
56,000
Sivas
225,000
16,800
Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey
Western Anatolia
371,800
27,000
Cilicia and Northern Syria
309,000
70,000
European Turkey
194,000
163,000
Trapizond District
73,390
15,000
Total
2,133,190
387,800

31. The end of The Great War 1917-1919

32. Today’s Standard Essential Question
examine the geographic factors and theaters of WWI looking specifically at their significance in military decisions.
Identify and explain two factors that lead to the end of WWI?
Essential Question

33. Morale Crashes “You smug-faced crowds with kindling eyes
Growing lists of casualties
Germany was sending 15-year-old recruits to the front lines
War poets began denouncing the leaders
“You smug-faced crowds with kindling eyes
Who cheer when soldiers lads march by
Sneak home and pray you’ll never know
The hell where you and laughter go”
Siegfried Sasson
“Suicide in the Trenches”

34. Russia Withdraws from War
By 1917, nearly 5.5 million Russian casualties
Civil unrest – Wartime shortages in food, clothing, etc…
Nov Lenin seizes power & withdraws Russia from war
March Russia and Germany sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

35. The Sinking of the Lusitania

36. Causes for U.S. Entering WWI
1.) Germany uses “unrestricted submarine warfare” (Jan. 1917)
2.) Zimmerman Note (Feb. 1917)
Germany urges Mexico to enter war & “reconquer” land lost to U.S.

37. 3.) U.S. feels bond with Britain
4.) Anti-German sentiment b/c of atrocities
5.) Stronger economic ties with Allies

38. The Zimmerman Telegram

39. The U.S. Enters the War
Prior to entering the war the U.S. was very Isolationist.
By million American troops were on their way to Europe
U.S. entrance into war gave Allied soldiers hope
SS Mauretania Arriving with First Batch of American Heroes. New York, New York: Doughboys cheering.

40. The Yanks Are Coming!

41. Americans in the Trenches

42. Wilson’s 14 Points Wilson wanted to be the peace maker
January 1918 he issues his 14 Points
Freedom of the seas
No secret alliances
Free trade
Reduction in militaries
For Eastern Europe (Balkans) Self-Determination

43. Winning the War

44. Failed Final Push Germany sends its forces to Western Front
May Germans reach Marne again
New American troops help Allies
July nd Battle of Marne
- 2 million American troops arrive
Nov. 11, 1918 – Armistice (agreement to stop fighting)

45. 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

46. The Armistice is Signed!
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!

47. 9,000,000 Dead

48. The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Died

49. World War I Casualties

50. Aftermath of the Battle of Verdun
Financial Toll
Mass destruction of property from France to Russia
Homes, farms, factories, roads and churches – shelled to rubble
People felt bitter and wanted losers to pay reparations
Payments for war damage
Aftermath of the Battle of Verdun