1. Unit 1 Data Displays and Number Systems

2. 1.1 Exploring Statistical Questions
data – information that is gathered by counting, measuring, questioning, or observing (pg. 416)
statistical question – a question that would be answered by collecting or analyzing data (pg. 435)
statistics – (1) the study of numerical data: collecting, organizing, and analyzing data to interpret it and answer questions (2) the numerical data itself (pg. 435)
range – the difference between the maximum and minimum in a data set. The range is a measure of how spread out a distribution is (pg. 431)

3. 1.2 Creating Dot Plots
dot plot – a sketch of data with dots marked above a labeled line
maximum – the greatest number in a set of data
minimum – the smallest number in a set of data
distribution – the arrangement and frequency of data values in a data set

4. 1.2 Creating Dot Plots
variability – how spread out the values in a set of data are
median – the middle value in a set of numerical data when the numbers are listed in order from smallest to largest, or from largest to smallest
mode – the value or values that occur most often in a data set

5. 1.3 Introducing the Mean
average – a typical value for a set of numbers. The word average usually refers to the mean of a set of numbers
mean – a typical value for a set of numerical data, often called the average. The mean is found by dividing the sum of the numbers by the number of numbers in the set

6. 1.4 Introducing the Mean as a Balance Point
balance point – for data, it refers to the mean

7. 1.5 Comparing Mean, Median, and Mode
measure of center – a value representing what is typical or central to a data set. Mean and median are both measure of center
outlier – a value far from most of the others in a data set. Outliers are commonly much larger or much smaller than other values

8. 1.7 Introducing Histograms
histogram – a bar graph of numerical data that are grouped into intervals, called bins, along a number line. The number of the values within an interval determines the height of the bar. Many histograms have fixed intervals, or equal-width bins
bin – an interval for collecting, aggregating, organizing, or graphing data

9. 1.8 Examining Shapes of Graphs
cluster – place(s) where there are a lot of data points

10. 1.10 Introducing Integers
counting number – the numbers used to count things. The set of counting numbers is {1,2,3,4…}
whole number – the counting numbers, together with 0. The set of whole numbers is {0,1,2,3,4…}
positive number – a number that is greater than zero; a number that to the right of zero on a number line, or above zero on a vertical number line. A positive number may be written using the + symbol, but is usually written without it. For example, +10 = 10

11. 1.10 Introducing Integers
negative number – a number that is less than zero; a number to the left of zero on a horizontal number line or below zero on a vertical number line. The symbol – may be used to write a negative number. For example, “negative 5” is written as -5
integer – a number in the set {…, -4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4…}; a whole number or the opposite of a whole number, where 0 is its own opposite

12. 1.10 Introducing Integers
rational number – any number that can be written as an integer divided by a nonzero integer. For example, 2/3, -2/3, 60% = 60/100, and = -5/4

13. 1.13 Locating Negative Rational Numbers on the Number Line
opposite – a number that is the same distance from 0 on the number line as a given number, but on the opposite side of 0. For example, the opposite of +3 is -3 and the opposite of -5 is +5

14. 1.14 Plotting Ordered Pairs of Rational Numbers in 4 Quadrants
ordered pair – two numbers that are used to locate a point on a rectangular coordinate grid. The first number gives the position along the horizontal axis, and the second number gives the position along the vertical axis. The numbers in an ordered pair are called coordinates. Ordered pairs are usually written inside parentheses: (5,3)
coordinate grid – a grid formed by two number lines that intersect at their zero points and form right angles. Each number lines is referred to as an axis

15. 1.14 Plotting Ordered Pairs of Rational Numbers in 4 Quadrants
quadrant – one of the four sections of a rectangular coordinate grid. The quadrants are typically numbered I, II, III, IV counterclockwise beginning at the upper right
origin – (1.) the point (0,0) where the two axes of a coordinate grid meet. (2.) The 0 point on a number line
x-axis – in a coordinate grid, the horizontal number line

16. 1.14 Plotting Ordered Pairs of Rational Numbers in 4 Quadrants
y-axis – in a coordinate grid, the vertical number line

17. 1.14 Plotting Ordered Pairs of Rational Numbers in 4 Quadrants
y-axis – in a coordinate grid, the vertical number line

18. Unit 2 Fraction Operations and Ratios

19. 2.1 The Greatest Common Factor
greatest common factor (GCF) - the largest factor that two or more counting numbers have in common. For example, the common factors of 24 and 36 are 1,2,3,4,6,and 12. The greatest common factor of 24 and 36 is 12.
prime number – a counting number that has exactly two different factors: itself, and 1. For example, 5 is a prime number because its only factors are 5 and 1
relatively prime - having no factors in common other than 1. For example, 8 and 21 are relatively prime because the only number that divides them both without remainder is 1

20. 2.2 The Least Common Multiple
least common multiple (LCM) - the smallest number that is a multiple of two or more numbers. For example, while some common multiples of 6 and 8 are 24, 48, and 72, the least common multiple of 6 and 8 is 24.

21. 2.5 Comparing Strategies for Multiplying Fractions
commutative Property of Multiplication – a property of multiplication (but not division) that says that changing the order of the numbers being multiplied does not change the product. This property is often called the turn-around rule. Ex. 8 x 3 = 3 x 8
associative Property of Multiplication – a property of multiplication (but no division) that says that when you multiply three numbers, you can change the grouping without changing the product.
Ex. (5 x 8) x 9 = 5 x (8 x 9)
reciprocal – two numbers whose product is 1. Ex. 1/5 is the reciprocal of 5.

22. 2.6 Dividing Fractions with Common Denominators
divisor – the number that divides another number. For example, in 35 ÷ 5 = 7, the divisor is 5
dividend – the number in division that is being divided. For example, in 35 ÷ 5 = 7, the dividend is 35
quotient – the result of dividing one number by another number. For example, in 35 ÷ 5 = 7, the quotient is 7

23. 2.8 Using Reciprocals to Divide Fractions
division of Fractions Property – a fact that makes division with fractions easier: division by a fraction that is the same as multiplication by the fraction’s reciprocal.

24. 2.9 Introducing Ratios
ratio – a comparison of two quantities using division. Ratios can be expressed with fractions, decimals, percents, or words. Sometimes they are written with a colon between two numbers that are being compared Ex. 3:5, 3/5, .6, 60%

25. 2.11 Equivalent Ratios
equivalent ratios – ratios that make the same comparison. Two or more ratios are equivalent if they can be renamed as equivalent fractions. Ex. 12 to 20, or 6 to 10
unit ratio – a rate in which one of the quantities being compared is 1. For example, 70 miles per hour is a unit rate because it is the number of miles traveled in 1 hr.

26. 2.13 Using Ratios/Rate Tables
rate – a comparison by division of two quantities with unlike units. For example, a speed such as 55 mph uses a rate that compares distance with time
unit rate – a rate in which one of the quantities being compared is 1. For example, 70 mph is a unit rate because it is the number of miles traveled in 1 hour.

27. Unit 3 Decimal Operations and Percents

28. 3.1 Place Value and Expanded Form with Decimals
expanded form – a way of writing a number as the sum of the values of each digit.
Ex. 356 is written

29. 3.3 Reviewing Decimal Addition and Subtraction
place value – system that gives a digit a value according to its position in a number. In our base-ten system for writing numbers, moving a digit one place to the left makes that digit worth 10 times as much. Moving a digit one place to the right makes that digit worth one tenth as much

30. 3.8 Introducing Percent percent – per one hundred or out of a hundred.
Ex. 48% of the students in the school are “boys” means that 48 out of every 100 students in the school are boys: 48% = 48/100, 0.48

31. 3.10 Percents as Ratios
ratio – a comparison of two quantities using division. Ratios can be expressed with fractions, decimals, percents, or words. Sometimes they are written with a colon between two numbers that are being compared Ex. 3:5, 3/5, .6, 60%
rate table – a way of displaying ratio or rate information. In a ratio/rate table, the fractions formed by the two numbers in each column are equivalent fractions

32. 3.12 Introducing Box Plots
five number summary – a list containing the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum of a data set
lower quartile (Q1) – 1. first quartile, the middle value of the numbers below the median in a data set 2. Informally, the interval between this middle point of the lower half of the data and the minimum of the data set
upper quartile (Q3) – 1. the middle value of the numbers above the median in a data set. 2. Informally, the interval between this middle point of the upper half of the data and the median of the data set

33. 3.13 Making Box Plots and Finding Interquartile Range
interquartile range (IQR) – 1. the distance between the lower and upper quartiles in a data set. It is sometimes illustrated by a box-and-whiskers plot. 2. The interval between the lower and upper quartiles

34. Unit 4 Algebraic Expressions and Equations

35. 4.1 Parentheses, Exponents, and Calculations
expression – (1.) a mathematical phrase made up of numbers, variables, operation symbols, and/or grouping symbols. An expression does not contain relation symbols such as =, <, >, ≤, ≥. (2.) Either side of an equation or inequality
simplify – to rewrite an expression by clearing grouping symbols and combining like terms and constants.
base – a number that is raised to a power. Ex. 53, 5 is the base
exponent - a number used in exponential notation to tell how many times the base is used as a factor. 53, the exponent is 3

36. 4.2 Solving Problems with Order of Operations
nested parentheses – parentheses within parentheses in an expression. Expressions are evaluated from innermost parentheses outward

37. 4.3 Expressions and Patterns
variable – (1.) a letter or other symbol that can be replaced by any value from a set of possible values
algebraic expression – an expression that contains a variable
substitute – (1.) to replace one thing with another. (2.) to replace variables with numbers in an expression or formula

38. 4.4 Representing Unknown Quantities with Algebraic Expressions
coefficient – the number, or constant factor, in a variable term in an expression, For example, in
3c + 8, 3 is the coefficient

39. 4.5 Exploring Equations
equation – a number sentence that contains an equal sign. For example, = 15 and P = 2l +2w are equations
open sentence – a number sentence with one or more variables that is neither true or false. For example, 9 + ___ = 15. ? – 24 < 1o, and 7 = x + y

40. 4.6 The Distributive Property and Equivalent Expressions
distributive property of multiplication over addition – a x (b + c) = (a x b) + (a x c)
a(b + c) = ab +ac
Distributive property of multiplication over subtraction – a x (b – c) = (a x b) – (a x c)
a(b – c) = ab – ac

41. 4.9 Introduction to Inequalities
inequality – a number sentence with a relation symbol other than =, such as <, >,≤,≥, or ≠
relation symbol – a symbol used to express a relationship between two quantities

42. 4.10 Finding and Graphing Solution Sets of Inequalities
solution set – the set of all values, or groups of values, that make a number sentence true. For example, 7 is a solution of 5 + n = 12.
infinite - unlimited; continuing on forever

43. 4.12 Absolute Value as Distance
magnitude – the size of a number; the number’s distance from 0. The absolute value of a number is its magnitude.
absolute value – the distance between a number and 0 on a number line. The absolute value of n is written as lnl. For example, the absolute value of -3, or l-3l is 3 because it is 3 away from 0.

44. 4.14 Mean Absolute Deviation
mean absolute deviation (m.a.d.) – in a numerical data set, the average between individual data values and the mean of those values. It is a measure of how spread out a distribution is.

45. Unit 5 Area and Volume Explorations

46. 5.1 Polygons on a Coordinate Grid
vertex – the point at which the sides of an angle or polygon, or the edges of a polyhedron meet. Informally called the corner
face – a flat surface on a closed 3-dimensional figure. Some special faces are called bases
interior - (1.) the set of all points in a plane bounded by a closed 2-dimensional figure (2.) the set of all points in space bounded by a closed 3-dimensional figure

47. 5.1 Polygons on a Coordinate Grid
polygon – a plane figure formed by line segments (sides) that meet only at their endpoints (vertices) to make a closed path. The sides may not cross one another.
line segment – a part of a line between and including two points called endpoints of the segment
endpoint – a point at the end of a line segment, ray, arc, or curve

48. 5.2 Area of Parallelograms
parallelogram –a trapezoid that has two pairs of parallel sides
quadrilateral – a 4-sided polygon
base – the side of a polygon or face of a polyhedron from which height is measured
height – the length of a perpendicular segment from one side of a geometric figure to a parallel side or from a vertex to the opposite side

49. 5.3 Area of Triangles
equilateral triangle – a triangle with all three side equal in length. Each angle of an equilateral triangle measures 60 degrees. It can also be called an equiangular triangle. Equilateral triangles are also isosceles triangles
isosceles triangle – a triangle with at least two equal length sides. Angles opposite the equal-length sides. Angles opposite the equal-length sides are equal
scalene triangle – a triangle with sides of three different lengths. The three angles of a scalene triangle are different

50. 5.3 Area of Triangles
right triangle – a triangle with a right angle that measures 90 degrees
obtuse angle – an angle with a measure greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees
acute angle – an angle with a measure less than 90 degrees

51. 5.4 Composing and Decomposing Polygons to Find Area
decompose – to separate a number or shape into smaller numbers or shapes. For ex. 14, 1 ten and 4 ones
compose – to make up or form a number or shape by putting together smaller numbers or shapes. For ex. 10 is composed by adding

52. 5.5 Building 3-D Shapes with Nets
net – a 2-dimensional figure created to represent a 3-dimensional figure by cutting and unfolding or separating its faces and sides
geometric solid - the surface or surfaces that make up a 3-D figure such as a pyramid, prism, cylinder
edge – (1) any side of a polyhedron’s faces, (2) a line segment or curve where two surfaces of a geometric solid meet

53. 5.5 Building 3-D Shapes with Nets
congruent – having the same size and shape
apex – (1) in a pyramid, the vertex opposite the base. All the nonbase faces meet at the apex (2) the point at the tip of a cone

54. 5.6 Using Nets to Find Surface Area
surface area – (1) the area of the surface of a 3-D object. (2) Any 2 –D layer, such as a plane or a face of a polyhedron

55. 5.9 Strategies for Finding Volume
volume – (1) a measure of how much 3-D space something occupies (2) also know as the capacity
cubic units – a unit, such as cubic centimeters, cubic inches, cubic feet used to measure volume or capacity

56. 5.11 Calculating the Volume of a Person
depth – distance from front to back

57. Unit 6 Equivalent Expressions and Equations

58. 6.2 Solution Sets
empty set (null set) – the set containing no numbers

59. 6.6 Combining Like Terms
simplify – to rewrite an expression by clearing grouping symbols and combining like terms and constants
term – (1) an algebraic expression, a number or a product of a number and one or more variables
constant – a quantity that does not change

60. 6.6 Combining Like Terms
coefficient - the number, or constant factor, in a variable term in an expression
like terms – in an algebraic expression, either the constant terms or any terms that contain the same variable(s) raised to the same power(s)

61. 6.7 Generating Equivalent Expressions and Equations
simplest form - reduced to its lowest term
equivalent equation – equations with the same solution

62. 6.9 Reversing Operations
inverse-operations strategy – an equation-solving strategy that involves isolating the unknown by applying inverse operations to both sides of the equation

63. Unit 7 Variables and Algebraic Relationships

64. 7. 3 Computer Spreadsheets
formula – a general rule for finding the value of something usually an equation with quantities represented by letter variable
cell – (1) a location in a spreadsheet that can contain data It is the box where the vertical column and horizontal row intersect
address box – a place where the address of a spreadsheet cell is shown when the cell is selected
display bar – a place where the formula for a spreadsheet cell is shown when the cell is selected

65. 7.4 Using Spreadsheets to Solve Problems
consecutive numbers – following one after another in a uninterrupted order

66. 7.9 Independent and Dependent Variables
dependent (responding) variable – a variable whose value is dependent on the value of at least one other variable in the function
independent (manipulated) variable – a variable whose value does not rely on the values of other variables in a function

67. Unit 8 Applications: Ratios, Expressions, and Equations

68. 8.2 Planning an Art Gallery Wall
scale factor – (1) the ratio of lengths on a image and corresponding lengths on a preimage in a size change

69. 8.3 Enlarging Artwork
enlarge – to increase the size of an object or figure without changing its shape

70. 8.4 Modeling the Planets in the Solar System
enlarge – to increase the size of an object or a figure without changing its shape

71. 8.4 Modeling the Planets in the Solar System
ratio comparison – statements about quantities that use multiplication as the comparison
diameter – (1) a line segment that passes through the center of a circle or sphere and has endpoints on the circle or the sphere
significant digits – the digits in a number that convey useful and reliable information
scale model – a model of an object in which all parts are made to the same scale to the object

72. 8.5 Population Density
population density – the number of people living in a defined geographic region, usually given as a unit rate

73. 8.6 Mobiles and Mathematics
fulcrum -

74. 8.8 Anthropometry
anthropometry – the study of human body sizes and proportions
prediction line – a line on a graph of data that is used to predict values that are not part of the data set
circumference – the distance around a circle