1. Business & Society ETLW 302
Tara Ceranic Salinas, PhD

2. Process of integrating the world through commerce, technology, culture and politics
Trade
Communications technology
Human migration
Credit access
Efficiency
Access to distant markets
Risk
Uncertainty
Limited pricing power
Imitation
Declining $ flow across borders

3. What business best represents globalization to you?

4. Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
Transnational Corporation or Multinational Enterprises
UN estimates that there are over 60,000 in global economy
Top 100 TNCs responsible for 14% of the sales of all

5. International Trade and Financial Institutions + NGOs
These organizations were created in order to deal with issues caused by MNCs, particularly:
Environmental risk
Worker rights
Labor practices
Human rights
Community development

6. World Bank (est. 1944)
Dues paid by 184 member nations Selling AAA-rated bonds in the world's financial markets Shareholder-support: $178 billion in "callable capital” 2 branches:

7. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBIRD)
Aims to reduce poverty in middle-income and creditworthy poorer countries Promoting sustainable development through loans, guarantees, risk management products, and analytical and advisory services Raises most funds on international capital markets Original institution of World Bank

8. International Development Association (IDA)
40 Donor countries
One of the largest sources of assistance for the world’s 78 poorest countries, 39 of which are in Africa.
Single largest source of donor funds for basic social services in the poorest countries.
No-interest loans
40% of World Bank lending

9. IMF (est. 1945) 187 countries contribute to its reserve ($333 billion)
Mission: To foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty

10. World Trade Organization
Established in 1994 at last meeting of General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT): 153 members
“Organization for liberalizing trade.”
Negotiating forum
Set of rules: legal ground rules for international commerce

11. Life & Debt