1. Chapter 4 WWI: Shaping Canada’s Identity Part 1 Answers

2. Questions When did the war begin? When did it end?
WWI began in 1914 and ended in 1918.
Why did Canada join the war?
Canada joined the war because it was loyal to Britain and therefore wanted to support its cause.

3. Questions
How did Nationalism change society? How did Industrialization change how war was conducted?
With the development of Nationalism, large enthusiastic armies were established and soldiers were eager to go to war for their countries.
Industrialization led to technological advancements. Troops and equipment were easier to transport and weapons of mass destruction were created

4. Questions How can loosing an entire generation affect society?
Loosing an entire generation of men can lead to long-term affects on demographics (ex. population, communities, movement in the country), the loss of a family bloodline, and economic concerns.
What role did women play on the home front?
While the men were away at war, women became the labour force of Canada. Women worked in factories and as farmers. They were also volunteer nurses and ambulance drivers.

5. Questions
Why did the Canadian government stop Britain from breaking up their forces?
They resisted the breaking up of Canadian troops so that they became a distinct military force of their own. A step towards Canada’s coming of age.

6. Questions
Name 3 important battles and what was significant about each. Continued…
Battle of Ypres 1915  Chlorine gas was used for the first time and Canadian medics told soldiers to urinate on rags so that they could breath and keep fighting.
Battle of Somme 1916  Trench warfare was prominent during this battle.
Battle of Vimy Ridge 1917  During this battle, Canadians took the ridge that no one else could using the “creeping barrage” tactic.

7. Definitions Total War Nationalism Western Front Watershed
A war that involves an entire society, in which civilians are considered fair targets
Nationalism
A sense of national consciousness that fosters loyalty to one’s country
Western Front
The zone of fighting in WWI in which the Germans fought its enemy armies in the west
Watershed
A point in time that marks an important, often historical change or event

8. Chapter 4 WWI: Shaping Canada’s Identity Part 2 Answers

9. Questions
What are subversives? What happened to subversives in accordance with the War Measures Act?
Subversives were viewed as those who intended to overthrow or destroy an institution or government.
In accordance with the War Measures Act, anyone suspected of being a subversive were forced into internment camps across Canada. They were forced to work with no pay.
This act sanctioned and legislated systematic racism and discrimination.

10. Questions
What was the “White Man’s War?” What did it mean for women? Aboriginals? African Canadians?
“White Man’s War” is a war that is fought only by white men.
Women  “too weak and fragile”, worked as volunteer nurses and ambulance drivers
Aboriginals  denied military service until 1915, dispersed into British ranks as relief soldiers
African Canadians  enlisted as part of a construction battalion, did not see the frontlines

11. Questions What is conscription? Why did Canadians resist it?
Conscription is the compulsory enlistment of people in the military.
Canadians fought against this policy because it pitted people against each other: farmers vs factory workers, urban vs rural dwellers and pacifists vs military. People did not want to be forced to go to war.

12. Questions
What was the impact of the Military Voter’s Act and the Wartime Elections Act? Was PM Borden’s plan successful in the 1917 election?
The Military Voter’s Act allowed all men and women in the military to vote and denied the vote to conscientious objectors.
The Wartime Elections Act extended the vote to widows, wives, mothers, and adult sisters and daughters of servicemen to vote.
Opposition to his cause was was prohibited from voting and so PM Borden was successful in the election.

13. Questions What social changes to place during and after WWI?
Led to a boom in the economy with the expansion of markets and trade.
Canada became an industrialized nation.
With the labour shortage, women went to work.
By the end of the war, women were able to vote in both federal and provincial elections.

14. Questions What did the 1931 Status of Westminster grant Canada?
The Status formalized Canada’s independence from Britain.
Canada was no longer controlled by the British Empire.

15. Definitions Internment Camps Conscientious Objectors Women’s Suffrage
Armed camps in which people suspected of being the enemy are forcibly held
Conscientious Objectors
A person whose beliefs prohibit her or him from participating in war combat
Women’s Suffrage
The political right of women to vote