1. The Skeletal System

2. I) Bones: An Overview A. Parts of Skeletal System
STUDY QUESTIONS
List the parts of the Skeletal System and **Define the Axial and Appendicular Subdivisions.
A. Parts of Skeletal System
Bones (skeleton)
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments
B. Subdivisions Define
*Axial
*Appendicular

3. C. Functions of Bones Explain
*Support:
*Protect:
*Muscles:
*Store:
*Blood cell:
STUDY QUESTION
**List and explain the Bone functions.

4. D. Classification of Bones
206
1. Structural Types
Compact bone
Spongy bone
STUDY QUESTION
What are the two structural types of Bone and how are they different?
Figure 5.2b

5. 2. Types by Shape ** List and Explain the Shape Types of Bones.
Figure 5.1

6. D. Structure of a Long Bone
*Diaphysis- explain
*Epiphysis- explain
Periosteum
OBJECTIVES
Identify and explain the anatomical areas of a long bone.

7. *Articular cartilage: explain
Anatomy of a Long Bone …
Arteries
*Articular cartilage: explain
Epiphyseal plate =
Epiphyseal line =

8. *Medullary cavity: define *Location: Types Marrow
Anatomy of a Long Bone …
*Medullary cavity: define
*Location:
Types Marrow
In Adults & Infants

9. E. Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling
1. Growth & Formation: Two Methods in Embryos
a. Dense connective tissue plates:
b. Cartilage models:
2. Growth & Formation: Birth to Adult
a. Dense connective plates:  Bony plates with Sutures showing where bones grew together
b. Cartilage Models:
i) Bone grows due:
ii) Cartilage Model:
iii) Finally Epiphyseal Plates:
c. Cartilage present only:

10. Bone Growth (Ossification)
3. Bone remodeling:
a. = old bone:
new bone:
b. Cells:
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Microscopic Pits

11. i) Blood calcium level Homeostasis:
OBJECTIVES
Summarize the events of bone remodeling throughout life.
3. Bone remodeling …
c. Functions:
i) Blood calcium level Homeostasis:
ii) Response to Gravity & muscle activity–
New Bone

12. F. Bone Fractures 1. Fracture (Table 5.1)= a) Basic Types explain
*Closed
*Open
b) Specific Types explain
*Comminuted
*Spiral Types
2. Treatment
Reduction
Immobilization
OBJECTIVES
Name and describe the three types of fractures discussed in class.

13. Common Types of Fractures
Table 5.2

14. G. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
STUDY QUESTION
Describe the stages of healing a bone fracture.
Hematoma
Hematoma formation
1. *Hematoma: define
Figure 5.5, step 1

15. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
External callus
New blood vessels
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
2. Fibrocartilage callus
Figure 5.5, step 2

16. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
External callus
New blood vessels
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony callus formation
3. Bony Callus
Figure 5.5, step 3

17. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
External callus
Healed fracture
New blood vessels
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodeling
4. Remodeling of Bony Callus
Figure 5.5, step 4

18. H. Bone Markings and Functions
Table 5.1
1. *Projections or processes Define
2. *Depressions or cavities Define
3. *Foramens or Canals Define
4. Articulate

19. END