1. Chapter 3.5 Reforms in America
Evangelical Protestant Revivals
Second Great Awakening
Camp meetings as many as 25,000 attended could last for days
Stimulated church membership and humanitarian reforms
Stress personal conversion

2. Second Great Awakening
Larger than the first Awakening
As a result of the Great Awakening a strong religious influence began in many areas of American life
One of the greatest preachers of the time was Charles Grandison Finney who advocated an end to slavery, a perfect Christian kingdom on earth, no alcohol and public prayer by women
This awakening did promote religious diversity

3. Awakening Continued
Methodist and Baptists gained the most from the revivals
The Deist faith stood for reliance on reason, belief in a Supreme Being, belief in human beings capacity for moral behavior and denial of the divinity of Jesus
They did however as Jefferson believed acknowledged a Supreme Being who created the universe

4. Religion
Traveling preachers such as Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney
Finney was a trained lawyer
Key feature in the Second Great Awakening women were the majority of new Church members
Women formed many charities

5. Mormon Joseph Smith founder of the Mormon religion
Established in the Burned-Over district of New York
Many people were angered by the Mormons emphasis on cooperative or group effort

6. Social Reforms
Women very active in the struggle for suffrage, alcohol and discrimination and slavery
Imprisonment for debt was still occurring. Eventually as more people acquired the right to vote this practice went away
Idea that prison should reform
Insanity patients were treated like animals, Dorthea Dix fought for decent treatment in asylums.

7. American Society
1828 American Peace Society formed, Leader William Ladd
Drinking a big problem, 1826 The American Temperance Society was formed in Boston
Some state enforced prohibition
Neal Dow sponsored the Maine Law of 1851 called for a ban on liquor

8. Complete for 3.5

9. Utopian Communities
More than 40 cooperative communities were established.
Robert Owen founded a communal society in Harmony, Indiana in 1825
Brook Farm in Massachusetts 1841 stressed brotherly and sisterly cooperation
Oneida Community, N.Y. 1848, free love – idea of producing superior children. Lasted 30 years.
Oneida successful iron production.

10. Oneida
John Humphrey Noyes founded of Oneida believed in no private property, sharing off material goods, belief in a forgiving deity and improve of the human race through breading better people
Oneida was financially successful because of manufacturing of animal traps and silverware
Oneida declined due to widespread criticism of its sexual practices

11. Transcendentalism 1830s
They believed that every person has an inner light who can put himself in touch with God
Individualism, self-reliance, self-culture and self discipline
Hostility toward authority and formal institutions
Ralph Waldo Emerson, encouraged American writers to focus on America for their writing
Henry David Thoreau transcendentalist and non conformist
Walt Whitman wrote openly about sex

12. Literary and Artistic Expressions
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow taught at Harvard. Most popular poet ever in America
Only American to be honored in the Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey
John Greenleaf Whittier, Quaker poet. Anti slavery movement.
James Russell Lowell – political satirist

13. Literary Continued Women – Louisa May Alcott wrote “Little Women”
Emily Dickenson
Noah Webster’s dictionary helped to standardize the American language
Allen Poe southerner