1. The American Revolution
Study Guide 4

2. Terms
1. Patriots People who supported and fought for independence. 2. Loyalists/Tories People who supported and fought for the British during the American Revolution. 3. Civil War A conflict between two groups in an area for control. 4. Lexington-Concord Battle in Massachusetts between Minutemen and British soldiers. It is where the first shots of the American Revolution were fired.

3. Terms
5. Saratoga The Patriot defeated and captured a British army in New York. As a result, the British moved into the South and the French joined the Patriot cause. 6. Fort Moultrie (Sullivan’s Island) The 1st Patriot victory in S.C. and morale booster, it helped the Declaration of Independence to be signed. It also inspired the S.C. flag design. 7. Siege of Charles Town The British surrounded and bombed Charles Town. With this British win, they took control of the S.C. capital and imprisoned most of S.C. political leaders.

4. Terms
8. Partisans Patriot guerrilla fighters. They used hit and run surprise attacks successfully against the British. 9. Francis Marion Partisan leader known as the “Swamp Fox”. He fought mostly in the Low Country and used both black and white men in his brigade. 10. Thomas Sumter Partisan leader known as the “Gamecock”. He fought mostly in the Midlands of S.C.

5. Terms
11. Andrew Pickens Partisan leader known as the “Wizard Owl”. He fought in the Up Country and was a leader at the Battle of Cowpens. 12. Battle of Camden British general Cornwallis destroyed the Patriot army led by Horatio Gates. The British temporarily controlled S.C. after this battle. 13. Horatio Gates Patriot general who won the Battle of Saratoga. He lost his army at Camden and never fought again.

6. Terms
14. Nathanael Greene Patriot general who replaced Gates. He kept a Patriot army together and managed to weaken the British and force them out of S.C. 15. Lord Cornwallis British general who won at Camden, but lost his army at Yorktown and this ended the war. 16. Battle of King’s Mountain A patriot militia of mountain men defeated a British militia led by Patrick Ferguson. This was the turning point battle in the South.

7. Terms
17. Battle of Cowpens Gen. Daniel Morgan and Andrew Pickens defeated the British leader Tarleton in this important Up Country battle. It put the British on the defensive and demoralized them. 18. Colonel Isaac Hayne Patriot soldier on parole, he fought the British and was captured, tried, and executed. This was warning for patriots soldiers on parole. 19. Battle of Eutaw Springs Last major battle in S.C., it was a British victory but their losses were heavy and they were forced to leave the state.

8. Terms
20. Battle of Yorktown Last battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis surrendered because he was surrounded by Washington and Rochambeau’s armies and the French fleet.

9. Questions
1. Role of Women during the Revolution Many women took over the duties (plantations and businesses) of their husbands. Some women served as nurses, spies, and messengers. 2. African Americans during the Revolution Most slaves continued to work as slaves on plantations in the South. Some African Americans in the North served in the Continental Army and served as messengers, spies, and cooks.

10. Questions
3. African Americans supported British The British promised African Americans freedom if they helped and the British won against the rebellious colonies. 4. Native Americans supported the British The British promised Native Americans the land west of the Appalachian Mountains—most tribes sided with the British. 5. Fighting in SC important during Revolution More Battles were fought in S.C. than in any other state and the course of the Revolution changed here by because of key Patriot victories.

11. Questions
6. Charles Town as a Key Target Charles Town as a major port city and provided supplies for the South. The British wanted the port as a base and to bring in needed supplies and soldiers. 7. Defeat of Charles Town—a crushing blow The Patriots lost a large army and S.C. lost most of its political leaders. The British used Charles Town as a base to receive supplies and soldiers. 8. British focus on the South after Saratoga The war in the North was deadlocked and the British believed there would be more loyalist support in the South.

12. Questions
9. Why Patriots used guerrilla warfare After Camden, there were no Patriot armies in S.C. The partisans knew the land and had great success with guerrilla warfare against the British. 10. Why did many in S.C turn against the British Many people disliked the British cruelty at the Battle of Waxhaws and the British announcement that if people did not fight for them they would be enemies. 11. King’s Mountain—Turning point in the South It was the first big Patriot victory in the Southern Campaign and after it the Patriots were winning the war.