1. Nutrition
Year 10 Food Technology

2. What does Protein Do? Function of Proteins
Protein has a large number of
important functions in the human
body. The human
body is about 45% protein.
Without protein our bodies would
be unable to repair, regulate,
or protect themselves.

3. We are Protein!!
We are protein...

4. Functions of Protein . Needed for building and repair of body tissues
Needed to make enzymes and
hormones.
Essential for water balance,
nutrient transport
and muscle contractions .

5. Functions of protein
Protein is a source of energy ( 1g protein provides 17kj/4kcal)
Protein helps keep skin, hair, and nails healthy.
Protein, like most other essential nutrients, is absolutely crucial for overall good health.

6. Functions Protein is essential:
as a secondary source of energy if the body receives insufficient energy from carbohydrates and fat sources

7. Veggies eat proteins extracted from soya beans and fungi
Proteins come from mainly foods from animals but there other foods rich in protein which are derived from plants!!

8. Sources of Protein

9. Made of amino acids (building blocks of all proteins)
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

10. COMPOSITION OF PROTEINS
Proteins are made up of complex chains of amino acids. Amino acids can consist of between 50 and tens of thousands of amino acids.
20 different amino acids are required in the body, each with a specific function
For healthy growth and repair of the human body, you will need all 20 amino acids

11. COMPOSITION OF PROTEINS
Some amino acids can NOT be made in the body and need to be obtained from the food you eat.
These are called ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS ( indispensable)

12. Composition of proteins
Amino acids which can be made by the body are called:
NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS ( dispensable)

13. Composition of proteins
For Adults, 8 amino acids have to be provided in the diet. These include:
Lycine
Valine
Children require 7 amino acids to be provided by the diet. The most important being histidine.
Conditionally essential amino acids need to be obtained from food sources at certain life stages because they cannot be produced in sufficient quantities to satisfy the needs of the body

14. How much protein do we need?
The amount of protein needed in the diet depends on the person’s weight, age and health. As a rough guide the RNI ( REFERENCE NUTRIENT INTAKE) for protein is:
children
1 t -3 yrs
15g
4-6 yrs
20g
7-10 yrs
28g
11-14 yrs
42g
15-18 yrs
55g
Adults
19-50 yrs
55g
50 yrs+
53g

15. LOW BIOLOGICAL VALUE FOODS
Foods that are deficient in one or more of the ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS are said to have:
A LOW BIOLOGICAL VALUE (LBV)
These are foods originating from plants. For e.g. cereals, nuts seeds, lentils, beans pulses.

16. HIGH BIOLOGICAL VALUE
Foods containing ALL the essential amino acids are said to have:
A HIGH BIOLOGICAL VALUE
Foods originating from animal sources are said to Are all HBV foods.
These include, meat, fish, eggs,
cheese & milk

17. SOYA & QUORN These are the only two non animal derived HBL foods
Soya products are derived from soya beans ( Tofu, textured vegetable protein (TVP), soya sauce, tempeh and miso
Quorn products are derived from an edible fungus: mycoprotein.
Soya and quorn products have been promoted as healthy high protein foods and meat substitutes.

18. Summary Low Biological Value Foods High Biological Value Foods
Contain all essential amino acids
Only contain some of the essential amino acids
Called high biological value foods.
Called low biological value foods.
Mostly found in dairy products e.g. meats, fish, poultry, cheese, eggs, yogurt, and milk) Seafood and soya beans are also complete proteins
Mostly found in plant foods e.g. legumes, grains (Wheat, Oats, Rice, Barley, Corn), seeds and vegetables.

19. Estimated average daily requirement – Protein
You can calculate the estimated average daily requirement (EAR) for protein using this formula:
EAR in g = 0.6 × body mass in kg
For example, what is the EAR for a 60 kg person?
EAR = 0.6 × 60 = 36 g of protein

20. Combining proteins
By combining foods a complete protein meal can be made and your body receives all nine essential amino acids
E.g. Peanut butter on wholemeal bread
Beans on toast
Tofu-vegetable
stir-fry.
By combining 2 or more LBV proteins creates complementary proteins
To obtain the required balance of amino acids vegetarians need to include a variety of protein sources a combination of plant foods in their daily diet

21. What happens when you don’t get enough protein
Symptoms:
Loose weight .
Tissues waste away.
Ribs become visible.
Fat belly because digestion is affected.
The body becomes frail and weak.
Eyes appear sunken.
Brain damage and death

22. Protein deficiency
Symptoms include a badly swollen abdomen
Who is at risk
Kwashiorkor is a type of protein energy malnutrition
Infants and children in underdeveloped countries  Those around the world who live in extreme poverty Causes
overpopulation (too many people for the land and resources available)