1. HIV HIV / AIDS HIV is another sexually transmitted disease.
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
The name describes this virus very well.
H – Human: this virus only lives in human beings. It can not live in any other animal or insect
I – Immunodeficiency: this virus attacks the immune system – making it deficient (not working properly)
V – Virus: viruses can not be cured
HIV

2. AIDS HIV / AIDS AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
A – Acquired: this means that it happens over time
I – Immune: this means that the immune system is affected
D – Deficiency: this means that it makes the immune system deficient
S – Syndrome: syndrome is used even after an underlying cause of a disease has been found.
In the case of AIDS the underlying cause is HIV.
AIDS

3. Infected With the HIV Virus
HIV / AIDS
Many people confuse HIV and AIDS as being two different viruses or germs.
AIDS is the last and final stage of the HIV virus.
Infected With the HIV Virus
Window
Period
Latency
Period
AIDS

4. Infected With the HIV Virus
HIV / AIDS
Someone can have HIV and not AIDS.
But someone can not have AIDS without having HIV.
That is because the HIV virus causes the person to progress through different stages to get to the final stage of AIDS
Infected With the HIV Virus
Window
Period
Latency
Period
AIDS

5. HIV / AIDS HIV is a very fragile virus outside of the human body.
Inside the body, HIV is very powerful.
The HIV virus lives in body fluids.
Vaginal Fluid
Saliva
Semen
Tears
Breast Milk
Sweat
Blood
Gastric Juice
Urine

6. HIV / AIDS
But only the following fluids carry enough of the virus that allows it to be transmitted to another person.
Vaginal Fluid
Semen
Breast Milk
Blood
This means a person must come in contact with one of these four fluids, and the fluid has to get into the body, for the infection to take place.

7. HIV / AIDS
There are three main ways that the HIV virus can get into the body
Sexual Contact
Blood to Blood Contact
Mother to Child

8. Sexual Contact Examples
Remember that sexual contact means any touching in the genital area, or where a modest swim suit would cover.
Sexual contact can cause a person to come in contact with
Vaginal fluid
Semen
Blood
Breast milk.
All that is needed for transmission of HIV is for any of the these fluids to get inside of the body.
Any form of intercourse (vaginal, oral, and anal) can cause HIV to get into the body.

9. Blood to Blood Examples
Blood to blood contact includes any of the following forms of transmission:
Transfusion: Having someone else's blood put into your body, usually as a medical treatment. The US does an excellent job of screening for HIV and other germs in blood to decrease the chances of this taking place.
Sharing needles: Injecting a needle that has been used by another person. An example would be drug use.
Open Wounds: Any break in the skin and body tissue can allow transmission of germs, including HIV. An example would be giving first aid to someone who is bleeding, and having an open wound of your own.
Skin Piercing, Tattoo Tools, and Pedicures/Manicures: Both of these acts require a break in the skin, which causes bleeding and can cause someone else’s blood to infect the wound.
You must be your own advocate and make sure sterile equipment is always being used to avoid any infection – not just HIV infections

10. Infection caused by Pedicure
Infection caused by tattoo
Infection caused by Piercing

11. Mother to Child Examples
During gestation, the mother and child do not share blood.
It is during the birth process that the baby comes in contact with blood and vaginal fluid.
It is at this point that the baby could become infected with HIV.
Also, if an HIV mother breast feeds her baby, she could transmit the virus through the breast milk.

12. HIV Transmission HIV Cannot be Transmitted By:
HIV cannot be transmitted by casual contact.
Casual contact means everyday social contact.
HIV Cannot be Transmitted By:
Shaking hands
Hugging and Kissing
Touching Door Knobs
Toilet seats
Food
Coughing and Sneezing
Insects Bites
Swimming Pools and Hot Tubs

13. Stages of HIV Infections
There are three stages of HIV
Stage One: Window Period
Stage Two: Latency Period
Stage Three: AIDS
Infected With the HIV Virus
Window
Period
Latency
Period
AIDS

14. Stage 1: Window Period Time Frame:
Starts at the time of infections
Ends when the test shows positive for HIV antibodies
On average, it takes about 3 months for this to happen
There are two tests used to look for HIV antibodies. They are called the ELIZA and Western Blot
In order for someone to test positive, both tests must show the HIV antibodies
Test Shows Positive for HIV Antibodies
T – Cell count drops below 200
Time of Infection
DEATH
Infected With the HIV Virus
Window Period
3 Months
Latency Period
7 to 15 Years
AIDS
1 to 3 years

15. Stage 1: Window Period What Happens:
The HIV virus enters the body and starts to reproduce
The HIV test for antibodies will show negative
The HIV virus can be transmitted to other people even though the test will show negative

16. Stage 2: Latency Period Time Frame
Starts when the HIV test shows positive for antibodies.
Ends when the T-cell count drops below 200.
This time frame varies depending on the individual person.
The average is 7-15 years
Test Shows Positive for HIV Antibodies
T – Cell count drops below 200
Time of Infection
DEATH
Infected With the HIV Virus
Window Period
3 Months
Latency Period
7 to 15 Years
AIDS
1 to 3 years

17. Stage 2: Latency Period What Happens
The test shows positive for HIV antibodies
The HIV virus slowly starts attacking T-cells
There are usually no outward signs or symptoms of the HIV infection
The HIV virus can still be transmitted to other people

18. Stage 2: Latency Period T-cells are part of the immune system
T-cells help identify germs and starts the immune response
If T-cells are destroyed, then the immune response can not start

19. Stage 2: Latency Period
When the T-cells are destroyed, the person can not fight off basic infections.
Someone with HIV will eventually have a difficult time fighting all germs.
Eventually these germs will kill them.

20. Stage 3: AIDS Time Frame Starts when the T-cell count drops below 200
Ends with death
Test Shows Positive for HIV Antibodies
T – Cell count drops below 200
Time of Infection
DEATH
Infected With the HIV Virus
Window Period
3 Months
Latency Period
7 to 15 Years
AIDS
1 to 3 years

21. Stage 3: AIDS What Happens The HIV test shows positive
The HIV virus can still be transmitted to another person
The T-cell count drops below 200
The average person has T-cells per drop
There are visible signs of illness and infections
Opportunistic infections develop

22. Stage 3: AIDS
Opportunistic infections are infections that occur in people with weakened immune systems
People with a healthy immune system do not usually get these infections
Some of these opportunistic infections are:
Herpes Simplex Virus
Kaposi's Sarcoma
Tuberculosis
Thrush – Candida
Wasting Syndrome
Dementia

23. Herpes Simplex Virus
Small, blistering, painful sores that develop in and around the mouth and nose
Many people have this virus, but their healthy immune system keeps it under control
Someone who is in the final stage of AIDS, would have several of these blistering sores at one time

24. Kaposi's Sarcoma This is a very rare form of skin cancer
Again people with healthy immune systems will usually never get this form of cancer

25. Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis -- or TB, as it’s commonly called -- is a contagious infection that usually attacks the lungs. It can also spread to other parts of the body, like the brain and spine. A type of bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes it.

26. Thrush / Candida This infection is caused by the Candida fungus
Causes white sores on the tongue and inside of the cheeks
Candida fungus can also cause sores to appear on other body parts
This infection can occur when someone is on antibiotics, under stress, and HIV infected

27. Wasting Syndrome
Because the body is infected with so many different germs, it can no longer function properly
A person in the final stage of AIDS is so sick that they can not maintain their nutritional intake and body weight
As the person starts to lose body mass, they also lose the ability to maintain muscle mass, hair growth and color, and healthy skin

28. Dementia
Dementia is a loss of brain function because of certain diseases
It affects memory, thinking, language, judgment and behavior

29. Stage 3: AIDS The HIV virus ends with death
Remember this a disease that will slowly destroy the immune system
The result is several infections that can not be fought off
This means that a person in the final stage of AIDS will die from several different infections happening at the same time

30. Treatment For HIV There is no cure for HIV
Once a person is infected, they will be infected for the rest of their life.
There are medications that can slow down the HIV virus and build up the immune system
Treatment for each opportunistic infection require different kinds of treatment
Unfortunately, these treatments only delay the progress of the disease, and most patients die from AIDS

31. HIV / AIDS Epidemic HIV was first diagnosed in the early 1980’s
Since then, HIV has become a world wide epidemic
There are currently over 37 million people worldwide who are infected with HIV
2.6 million children living with HIV
Over 34 million people have died from HIV/AIDS

32. HIV / AIDS Epidemic
The African continent has been the hardest hit by HIV
In some parts of Africa, there are as many as 4 out of every 10 adults that are infected with HIV

33. HIV / AIDS Epidemic
The following maps shows the growth of HIV infections starting in 1983 to 2009
Each dot on the map represents 50 cases of HIV
As you click on the different slides, notice the areas of where most cases are located

48. Preventing STD’s and HIV
Stay abstinent from sexual contact until marriage
Make sure the person you have married has also been abstinent
Once married both partners must stay monogamous
(you only have sexual contact with the person you are married to)

49. Preventing STD’s and HIV
Avoid contact with body fluids that carry and transmit STD’s and HIV
Vaginal Fluid
Semen
Breast Milk
Blood

50. Preventing STD’s and HIV
If you are sexually active, get checked every three months for STD’s and HIV
Report findings to all you have been in sexual contact with

51. QUICK CHECK List three ways HIV cannot be transmitted
During the ___ stage of the HIV infection, the T cell count drops below 200.
List the three primary ways that HIV is transmitted.
Monogamous means:
_____ infections are infections that happened when someone’s immune system is not working properly.
During the _____ period the test will show negative even when a person could be infected with the HIV virus.

52. Answers Answers may vary AIDS
Blood to Blood, Sexual Contact, Mother to Child
Having only one sexual partner for life
Opportunistic infections
Window Period