1. SBA Energy and Mineral Resource Management Side Event
Community Activity CA-06: Earth Observation Data in Mineral Resources (and non-renewable energy)
Stéphane Chevrel, France
PoC CA-06 1
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

2. Background
Former WP task SB-05-C2 (GEO VIII, Istanbul, 2011): Impact monitoring System for Geo-Resource exploration and Exploitation
Integration of spaceborne, airborne and ground-based EO datasets into mature stakeholder-oriented EO products to monitor the societal and environmental impacts of the extractive industry over all phases of a project, from exploration to closure 2
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

3. Economic and societal importance of minerals
Mining is not everything, but without mining, everything is nothing!
Max Planck
The mining and extractive industry plays a significant role in the development of many countries all over the world
Most sectors, such as construction, chemicals, automotive, aerospace, machinery and equipment sectors
that provide e.g. in the EU a total value added of € 1´324 billion, and employment for some 30 million people,
depend on unimpaired access to raw materials. 3
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

4. Minerals: a global issue…

5. Mining: a global issue…

6. Coal and Lignite a global issue too…

7. Growing environmental impacts by mineral extraction
Source: Mudd 2009, Australia
"Unused extraction" grows ➢ more waste, water distraction, landscape change…
Land use conflicts
Resource extraction prefers sparsely populated areas as conflicts grow with population density 7
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

8. CA-06 overarching activities
Develop tool sets and information products for the Resource Assessment, Monitoring and Forecasting of Geological Resources (including mineral and fossil resources, raw material and groundwater)
Develop tool sets for environmental impacts monitoring of mining and processing operations
Identify and foster implementation of strategic measures for the competitive, reliable and sustainable management of geo-resources exploitation and treatment of re-usable materials 8
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

9. CA-06 Group of activities
GEO Community Activity “Earth Observations for Managing Mineral and Non-renewable Energy Resources” (CA-06)
Global mineral map of the Earth’s surface
Australia Geoscience mineral map
Global spectral libraries of soils in view of future IS spaceborne missions
EO-based integrated products for monitoring environmental and societal impacts:
National to regional (e.g. illegal mining, GFOI, GMOS)
Local : mine site, SLO... 9
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

10. Technical gap
Minerals lack dedicated EO systems and rely on systems from other SBAs
The “mineral community” strongly advocates for operational hyperspectral spaceborne missions ensuring a global systematic coverage at no (or marginal) costs and at “decent” spatial resolution
Operational, freely available, global coverage
Multispectral : Sentinel 2 and Landsat TM
Superspectral : ASTER (failure of SWIR sensors in 2009)
Operational, commercial, local coverage on request, high acquisition costs
Superspectral : WV-3
hyperspectral : airborne VNIR-SWIR, few operational TIR sensors
EO in mineral industry lacks institutionnal support
Mostly deals with private companies
=> EO-based monitoring of illegal mining
Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) has demonstrated a large potential to quantify topsoil key properties (soil organic carbon content, clay content, carbonates, salinity, and soil moisture) and their evolution over time across a broad range of soils. In mineral prospecting and soil contamination assessments, the technique can also discriminate, map and quantify minerals in soils and rocks.
longitude λ
latitude 10
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

11. Reflectance spectroscopy from the field to airborne platforms
Improved retrieval of relevant essential geo- variables
Enhanced identification of geo-resources, derivation of mineral maps, quantification of soil variables and land surface composition
Develop new EO tools based on reflectance spectroscopy
Support to soil degradation mapping, environmental impact monitoring
Contribute to more effective decision-making
Advanced optical remote sensing method:
Imaging spectroscopy or hyperspectral imagery
Atmospheric absorption
Spectral modeling
&
multi-scale approach
Reflectance
VNIR
SWIR- I
SWIR- II
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2,0
2,2
2,4
Wavelengths [µm]
HySpex
Improved characterisation of soil properties –
Imaging spectroscopy, or hyperspectral imagery, is an advanced approach to optical ir remote sensing. Here, The analysis of the intensity of solar EMR reflected by a surface (reflectance spectroscopy) provides unique information about the surface composition For ex, instread of having 3 images in R, G, and B, we have access to a continuous, fine optical signal, that allow a better characterisation of surface properties. Development of methodologies and applications for a better characterisation of earth surface properties through modeling &..
We need multiscale to relate spatial scale of obs (few m to 10s m) with ground truth meas.
Hyspex vnir-1600 : 0.4-1, 160 bds, 3.7nm large,
and hyspex swir-320-e: 1-2.5, 256 bds, 6nm large
416
spectral
bands
1600/320
Pixels 11
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016 11

12. The EnMAP Program
Simulated EnMAP (30m)
Environmental Mapping and Analysis Programme (GFZ/DLR)
High quality VNIR/SWIR satellite imaging spectrometer for quantitative surface parameter retrieval at 30m scale
Frequent coverage for monitoring on global basis
Open data policy
EnMAP-Box as free software platform
EnGeoMap product
Core funding from Germany‘s Federal Ministry Economics and Technology
Currently under construction phase, launch ~mid 2019
Development of free source software for mineral mapping (EnGeoMap) and soil mapping (HYSOMA/EnSoMAP) based on hyperspectral imagery
HYSOMA product 12
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

13. CA-06 planned activities
A preparatory work for global mineral mapping program using existing (ASTER) or future   missions, on the model of the Australian Mineral Map performed by CSIRO using ASTER imagery, to be delivered to the GEO data archive .
Developing a global spectral library of soils for future of quantitative soil spectroscopy from laboratory to spaceborne applications, towards the definition of possible product standards for global, public hyperspectral satellite soil surface composition mapping
The definition, or refinement, of a set of area-specific essential variables to be validated by the CoP and GEO in view of measuring and monitoring the status of mineral resources assessment and exploitation.
The definition of methodologies and tools to map these essential variables from existing and future sensors, including citizen observatories.
A global mining waste inventory program by adapting e.g. the PECOMINES project methodology to currently available sensors (Landsat TM, Sentinel -2) and/or future missions   13
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

14. Activities for 2017-2019 WP Overall plans Activities
Generation of a publicly available Global ASTER Geoscience map to be delivered to GEO
Definition of possible product standards for global, public hyperspectral satellite land surface composition
Global land surface composition spectral libraries
Identification of user community and their requirement, including mineral regulation enforcement
Activities
Global ASTER Geoscience map : challenges, collaborations, network, path for moving forward
Definition of relevant essential variables…
Cross-cutting activities
Links with GI-10 and GI-18 (SDGs)
Illegal mining : links with GFOI, GMOS (GEOBON?) 14
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

15. The CA-06 Leads France : BRGM Australia : CSIRO, GSA USA : USGS, JPL
EU : EuroGeoSurveys
UK : BGS, Univ. of Nottingham
Germany : DLR, GFZ
Japan: AIST, Japan Space Systems
China: China University of Mining and Technology, RADI
Israel: Tel Aviv University
NL: ITC 15
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

16. Stakeholder engagement process
Responsible mining initiatives
A concept not strictly defined
Sometimes considered as a declination of CSR
Either a voluntary and ethical approach from mining operators, or imposed (or encouraged) by authorities
Participatory approach to tackle environmental, societal and human rights issues
Social License to Operate
i.e. free, prior and informed consent of local communities and stakeholders
Role of Earth Observations
EO can help through provision of global reach, non-invasive, scalable, temporal, accurate maps and models of land surface composition and condition at all stages of the resource development cycle from exploration and discovery through to mine closure. 16
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

17. Stakeholders Key stakeholders, user community
Governmental organisation
Inventories
Monitoring
Law enforcement
Industry
Resource assessement
Site monitoring
Sustainable mining initiatives
SLO
International organisations
UNDP SDGs
WB? 17
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

18. Mining and SDGs CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management 18
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016

19. CA-06 and SDGs CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
Through mining-related EO-based products, CA-06 can contribute directly or indirectly to most of the UN SDGs in the mining sector 19
CA-06 Energy and Mineral Resources Management
GEO-XIII Plenary St. Petersburg November 2016