1. Chapter 8 Applied Networking
PC Support & Repair
Chapter 8
Applied Networking

2. Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will meet these objectives:
Configure devices to connect to LANs, the Internet, and Cloud services.
Connect a computer to wired and wireless networks.
Explain the purpose and characteristics of ISP connection technologies.
Explain Cloud concepts and networked-host services.
Goals/Objectives
Explain how to perform preventive maintenance on networks using common techniques.
Explain how to troubleshoot networks.
You will learn how to install and configure network interface cards (NICs), connect devices to a wireless router, and configure a wireless router for network connectivity. You will also learn how to configure domain memberships in Windows and share files through network shares and drive mapping. A large part of your networking skills includes the ability to decide which Internet Service Provider (ISP) to use for home or small office networks.
Networks and the Internet provide many important services. You will learn about data centers and the benefits of Cloud computing. You will also explore some of the more important network applications including web, , file, proxy, and security services. Finally, you will learn how to apply a systemic method for troubleshooting.

3. Computer to network connection
8.1

4. Selecting a NIC Connects you to network Type of NIC Connection type
Wired (Fast or Gigabit Ethernet)
Wireless (802.11n or ac)
Connection type
Expansion slot (PCI or PCIe)
USB
Advanced features
Wake on LAN (WoL)
Quality of Service (QoS)
Cost
Most NICs in desktop computers are integrated into the motherboard or connected to an expansion slot.
You must be able to upgrade, install, and configure components when a customer asks for increased speed or new functionality to be added to a network.
Update NIC drivers.

5. Configure a NIC’s IP Address
Manual- you statically assign
Dynamic- requests IP from DHCP server
Network & Sharing Center >> Change adapter settings
TCP/IPv4 or v6 >> Properties
DHCP also assigns the subnet mask and default gateway, as well as the DNS info. Default gateway is the IP of the router port you connect to and is your way out of the network. If you don’t have this, you’ll never get outside your network.
Note: Most computers today come with an onboard NIC. If you are installing a new NIC, it is considered a best practice to disable the onboard NIC in BIOS settings.

6. Advanced NIC Settings Speed & Duplex Wake on LAN
MUST MATCH what you’re connected to
Auto Negotiate**
Mismatch slows down transfer rates
Wake on LAN
Wakes PC up with a magic packet
Quality of Service (QoS or 802.1q)
Improves flow
Can prioritize traffic
Change adapter settings >> right-click on the adapter and select Properties >> Configure >> Advanced tab
Defaults are usually fine.
WoL: Magic packet has the MAC address of the NIC. If it matches, it signals the power supply or mobo to wake up and power on.

7. Connecting the NIC Check the LEDs Link & Activity
Can have varying meaning on different NICs
One of the first things you should check if you have no connection.

8. Connecting Router to Internet
Internet port/WAN port
Connects to cable modem

9. Setting Type of Network
First time connecting to a network, choose:
Home
Network discovery on & trusts them
Work
Network discovery on; no Homegroup
Public
Network discovery off; no HomeGroup; most protected
Domain
To join a network/Active Directory; profile is controlled by network admin
Note: If there is only one computer on a network and file or printer sharing is not needed, the most secure choice is Public.
Public means you won’t see anything shared on the network like drives/folders or printers.

10. Logging into Wireless Router
Most work out of the box
To log in:
Web browser
Enter given IP “ or ”
Enter username/password “admin”

11. Review- 4Q
What happens if there is a duplex mismatch between a PC and a switch?
SLOW transfer of data
What do the 2 LEDs on a NIC indicate?
Connection and data transfer
What is usually a wireless router’s default IP out of the box? or
When connecting to a network, you want to be part of the HomeGroup. What profile should you select?
Home

12. Basic Network Setup Change default password Change default router IP
NOTE: after saving it, you’ll have to renew your PC IP address & log back in to router
SECURITY!!

13. Basic Wireless Settings
Network Mode
Mixed (Default), N, G, B, Disabled
SSID
Name of wireless network
Keep disabled so people can’t see it
Channel
Can change to 1, 6 or 11 if getting interference on 2.4GHz
Interference can be caused by other nearby wireless routers, or home electronic devices, such as cordless phones and baby monitors, using the same frequency range.
Channel 1, 6 or 11 is for 2.4GHz only. There’s plenty of channels and space on 5GHz.

14. Basic Wireless Security
WPA2 with AES encryption is BEST
WPA, WEP, None are others and weaker
Parental controls, content filtering, available times, etc. can be set

15. Test Connectivity in Windows
Network & Sharing Center
Change adapter settings
Double-click on the wired or wireless adapter
Click details to see IP information

16. Test Connectivity in CLI
Ipconfig
/all; /release; /renew
Ping
Tests connectivity
Ping –n (n= a number)
Ping –t (ping until stopped)
Tracert
Shows path to destination
Tracert
Nslookup
Checks for DNS
Nsloopkup cisco.com
Ping an IP address or a domain name
When you ping, try destination first, If it fails, start by pinging close to far to try and narrow down where the problem is.
DEMO:
IPCONFIG and IPCONFIG /ALL
Have each student ping another
See if tracert works in class
Do an nslookup for a website

17. CLI Tests

18. Review- 4Q
What wireless channels could you choose if you are getting interference from nearby wireless devices?
1,6 or 11
What 2 things can you do to prevent someone from accessing your Wi-Fi router?
Change default password & change router IP
What command will show the path from source to destination?
Tracert
What command will let go of an IP address?
Ipconfig /release

19. Activity
Packet Tracer Lab- Connect to a Wireless Router, Configure Basic Settings and Connect Computers to It
Real Lab Option

20. Domains & Workgroups Workgroup Domain
Collection of PC’s & servers designed to communicate with each other
Each computer has its own accounts, security & access to data/resources
PC set up that way after OS install
Domain
Logical grouping of computers, may be far away
Domain controller server manages them
You can log into any computer in the domain
To change it: right-click on Computer, Properties, Change or in System (Control Panel)
All computers on a network must be part of either a domain or a workgroup. When Windows is first installed on a computer, it is automatically assigned to a workgroup, as shown in the figure.
Before computers can share resources, they must share the same domain name or workgroup name. Older operating systems have more restrictions for naming a workgroup. If a workgroup is made up of newer and older operating systems, use the workgroup name from the computer with the oldest operating system.
Note: Before changing a computer from a domain to a workgroup, you need the username and the password for an account in the local administrator group.

21. HomeGroup Only 1 HomeGroup per Workgroup
Can only be member of 1 HomeGroup at a time
1 person in workgroup creates the Homegroup
Others join with password
If your network profile is:
Home- can create or join HomeGroup
Work- not allowed to create or join HomeGroup but can see/share with others
Public- HomeGroup not available
When a computer joins a homegroup, all user accounts on the computer, except the Guest account, become members of the homegroup. Being part of a homegroup makes it easy to share pictures, music, videos, documents, libraries, and printers with other people in the same homegroup. Users control access to their own resources. Users can also create or join a homegroup with a virtual machine.
Admin & Standard user can choose these. Guest account cannot.

22. Map a Drive Access a network drive or folder a lot? Example:
Map it to a drive letter!
Shows up as a drive in This PC
Example:
Network HD attached to router
The Mapped Network Drive will then appear in This PC as a Network Location. If the drive is not available, you will see an X emblem on the icon. If at any time you want to remove it, just right click the icon and click Disconnect.
Reconnect at sign-in: Will map the drive when you sign in, otherwise it will disconnect when you log out.
NOTE: These are administrator tasks! Must be logged in as admin to set it up.

23. Network File Sharing Set permissions for files or folders
Read- view only
Change- add/change/delete
Full Control- change PLUS change permissions

24. Administrative Shares
Created in a network setting so admins can have shared access to your drives or folders
Can only be seen with admin access
$ at end means admin share C$
C:\AdminOnly$

25. Review- 3Q
How can an admin tell if they are in the shared access of your drive or folder?
$ at end
To create a HomeGroup, what must your network profile be?
Home
At GCIT you can log into any computer with your credentials and have access to the network. What kind of network is this?
Domain

26. Activity
Lab- Share folder & map it

27. VPN Using the Internet to connect to remote sites
Accessing your corporate network
Dedicated, secure connection
You have access to all services & resources on that network like you were actually there
You need a VPN client installed on your PC
Data gets encrypted
Connects to VPN gateway

28. Setup a VPN

29. Remote Desktop View & control remotely Remote must allow Full control
Connect to IP address
Need login credentials
RDP- Remote Desktop Protocol Port 3389

30. Remote Assistance They need to request your help
Must enable it if you need help
You need the connection password
Customer can see what’s going on; share control; partial control

31. Activity Lab 8.1.4.3- Remote Assistance in Windows
Lab Remote Desktop in Windows

32. Isp connection technologies
8.2

33. Telephone Tech Analog ISDN POTS Dial-up
56k slow, no voice calls & Internet at same time
ISDN
Digital, slightly faster than POTS
Voice, video, data over analog phone lines
BRI/PRI services (channels)
“B” channels for voice/data
“D” channel for signaling

34. Broadband So what is it? Cable, DSL, Satellite, Fiber Broadband (FiOS)
Sending multiple signals using different frequencies over one cable
Cable & Internet to house on one cable
Cable, DSL, Satellite, Fiber Broadband (FiOS)

35. DSL/ADSL Always on, high speed over phone lines
Distance limits, filters needed
ADSL
“Asynchronous” = different
Download/upload speeds differ

36. More Broadband Cable Satellite Fiber
Always on, high-speed over coaxial cables in house (may be fiber down streets)
Satellite
Always on, high-speed over satellite dish
Latency; not good for gaming, VoIP
Fiber
Always on, high-speed over fiber optic cables down street (through coax in house)

37. Choosing an ISP

38. Activity- ID the Connection

39. Activity- ANSWERS

40. Review- 3Q
In order to use a VPN, what is needed on the remote computer?
VPN client software installed
Which connection is broadband over phone lines & has different upload/download speeds?
ADSL
ISDN has B & D channels. What is on each?
B- data; D- control info

41. Internet technologies
8.3

42. Data Center Companies rely on data & are collecting more of it
Need more storage space
Large companies often have their own data centers
Also they utilize 3rd party services

43. Cloud Computing vs Data Center
On-premise hardware for data storage run by an in- house IT department or leased offsite
Very costly to build
Very costly to add on storage
Cloud computing
Off-premise service that offers on-demand access to data and services
They use data centers
Easily add on or decrease storage as needed
Only pay for what you need

44. DHCP
DHCP is used by ISPs, network adminis & wireless routers to automatically assign IP addressing information to hosts
Addresses are leased for a time period
THIS IS THE FIRST SERVER ACCESSED AFTER BOOTING. YOU HAVE TO GET AN IP ADDRESS FIRST.
Discover: where you at? BROADCAST* of all 255’s goes to everyone but only the DHCP server responds
Offer: wanna use this?
Request: I’m accepting this offer. BROADCAST*
ACK: Thanks, I’m using it!
DORA!!!!!

45. DNS Servers that translates names to IP addresses
DNS servers know some, forward rest to other DNS servers
Go to command prompt & type: ipconfig /displaydns displays all cached DNS
If a web admin changes the IP address of a server, it gets set in DNS server, and the user has no idea the IP address changed.

46. HTTP HTTP: Rules for transferring web pages HTTPS: Adds encryption
Port 80
HTTPS: Adds encryption
Port 443
Uses TSL or SSL
HTTP is the protocol
Cisco.com is the server name
Index.html is the document you requested
HTML is the coding for the web page
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol or the newer Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol.

47. Proxy Server
Storage/cache for web pages frequently used within the network
You request a web page
Request goes to your proxy server
It checks to see if there’s an updated version of site
If not, you get the web page fast
Can filter content for users (block or flags sites/words in sites)
Proxy server also hides IPs of internal devices since all requests go through it
So it can hide YOU

48. Authentication Services
Access to network devices is controlled through authentication, authorization, and accounting services
Referred to as AAA
Control who is permitted to access a network (authenticate)
What they can do while they are there (authorize)
Track what actions they perform while accessing the network (accounting)
This is like a credit card.

49. Intrusion Detection & Prevention
IDS (Passive)
Intrusion Detection System
Monitors network for threats
Alert if threat is found
ONLY DETECTS - DOES NOT TRY TO STOP THREAT
IPS (Active)
Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
Detects attack – Takes action!
Example: A port is attacked; it closes the port until the attack stops

50. Universal Threat Management
All-in-one security appliance
IDS/IPS & Firewall
Protects against many types of typical attacks
BEST PROTECTION WITH A SINGLE DEVICE

51. Activity- Identify the Service

52. Activity- ANSWERS

53. Basic troubleshooting for networks
8.4

54. Preventive Maintenance
Check cables
Not worn
Properly labeled
Heat in server room is no good
Dust is no good for server or devices
Listen for strange sounds
PREVENT UNNECESSARY DOWNTIME

55. Common Problems & Solutions

56. Common Problems & Solutions

57. Common Problems & Solutions

58. Chapter 8 Applied Networking
PC Support & Repair
Chapter 8
Applied Networking