1. Bell Ringer
How did the different Gunpowder Empires interact with people of different religions?

2. A B C

3. Absolutism in Europe
Essential Question: Why did absolute rule develop throughout most of Europe but not in England?

4. Absolute Monarchy
A ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people
Divine right – the belief that a monarchs power comes from God

5. Absolute Power in Spain
Philip II, king of Spain, used the military to fight religious wars
Tried to crush a Protestant revolt in the Netherlands
Defeated an Ottoman (Muslim) fleet
Philip prepared a huge armada, or fleet
Armada’s eventual defeat led to Spanish decline

6. Absolute Power in France
Louis XIV – took the sun as the symbol of his absolute power
*Why the sun?
Never called the estates general (?)
Strongest army in Europe (400,000 soldiers)
Controlled all of France from his palace at Versailles
Promoted religious harmony by persecuting Huguenots, French protestants

7. Czar – title of the ruler in the Russian empire
Absolutism in Russia
Peter the Great
Czar – title of the ruler in the Russian empire
Forced westernization upon his subjects
Adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture
Built a new capital at St. Petersburg

8. Strengthened the institution of serfdom
Absolutism in Russia
Catherine the Great
Defeated Ottoman forces – gained access to warm water port on Black Sea
Why was this important?
Strengthened the institution of serfdom

9. Constitutional Monarchy in England
After the death of Queen Elizabeth Tudor, who had no heir, royal power shifted to her cousins from Scotland, the Stuarts.
The Stuarts Dynasty firmly believed in divine right
Refused to share power with parliament
Led to a civil war – resulted in the execution of Charles I
Resulted in the creation of a military dictatorship called the Commonwealth led by Oliver Cromwell

10. Constitutional Monarchy in England
After Cromwell’s death Parliament restored the monarchy because they were frustrated with the strict rule of the Commonwealth.
Stuart monarchs once again clashed with Parliament in the Glorious Revolution
Bloodless, replaced the monarchs with ones who would respect parliament’s power

11. Constitutional Monarchy in England
New monarchs signed the English Bill of Rights ensuring basic rights and the supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy
England became a limited monarchy, a type of government with a constitution or legislature that limited the power of the monarchs

12. Essential Question
Why did absolute rule develop throughout most of Europe but not in England?

13. Comic Strip
Students will create a comic strip depicting the differences between absolute and constitutional monarchy.
Must be at least six slides in length
Each slide must contain both drawings and text
Each slide must directly deal with the topic