1. a) Thomas Hobbes b) Adam Smith c) John Locke d) Montesquieu
English Constitutional Monarchy English philosopher and author of Levianthan, in which he explained that a state of chaos and war existed prior to a social contract forming a government, which should be led by a sovereign invested with absolute power in exchange for protection of group safety and social order.
a) Thomas Hobbes
b) Adam Smith
c) John Locke
d) Montesquieu

2. THOMAS HOBBES

3. a) Thomas Paine b) Thomas Jefferson c) John Locke d) Edmund Burke
English Constitutional Monarchy English philosopher and author of Two Treatises of Government, in which he argued that individuals have natural rights of life, political equality, and property that could not be violated by a political leader in a social contract. He believed governments existed only to protect these natural rights, and any government failing to do so should be overthrown.
a) Thomas Paine
b) Thomas Jefferson
c) John Locke
d) Edmund Burke

4. JOHN LOCKE

5. English Constitutional Monarchy In 1688, Parliament gave the crown to James II’s Protestant daughter, Mary II, and her Protestant husband, William III, as joint rulers rather than to James II’s Catholic son. It was a bloodless and “glorious” transfer of power.
a) English Civil War
b) French Revolution
c) Agricultural Revolution
d) Glorious Revolution

6. GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

7. English Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary measure protecting people from arbitrary arrest and unfair imprisonment. According to this, an arrested individual must be seized with a specific charge and brought before a judge.
Habeas Corpus Act
b) Exclusion Bill
c) English Bill of Rights
d) Magna Carta

8. HABEUS CORPUS ACT

9. English Constitutional Monarchy law passed by Parliament granting some religious freedoms to dissenting Protestants who had broken away from the Anglican Church. However, this prohibited them from holding public office.
a) Bill of Rights
b) Toleration Act
c) Act of Toleration
d) Religious Freedom Restoration Act

10. TOLERATION ACT

11. English Constitutional Monarchy document declaring Parliament would choose who ruled England, that the ruler could not tax without Parliamentary consent, that the ruler could not suspend Parliament, that the ruler was subject to all laws, that Parliament was to meet frequently, that MPs were guaranteed freedom of speech, and that cruel and unusual punishment was illegal.
a) The Constitution
b) Declaration of the Rights of Man
c) Act of Settlement
d) English Bill of Rights

12. ENGLIDH BILL OF RIGHTS

13. E.C.M law by Parliament stating that should William III die heirless, Mary’s Protestant sister, Anne, would take the throne, thereby protecting Protestant rule of England.
a) Test Act
b) Act of Settlement
c) Great Peace of Montreal
d) Great Reform Bill

14. ACT OF SETTLEMENT

15. E.C.M act of Parliament uniting England and Scotland into one kingdom: Great Britain. Intended to strengthen England against France. Abolished the Scottish Parliament
a) War of Spanish Succession
b) Reform Act
c) Act of Settlement
d) Act of Union

16. ACT OF UNION

17. a) Hanoverian Succession b) Georgian Succession c) None of the above
E.C.M None of Queen Anne’s ( ) seventeen children survived her, leading to her granddaughter’s son, George I, of the Germanic Hanoverian family, becoming king of England. Name this succession.
a) Hanoverian Succession
b) Georgian Succession
c) None of the above

18. HANOVERIAN SUCCESSION

19. E.C.M King George II’s chief minister until 1743 who worked for peace. He strengthened the role of Britain’s cabinet and stabilized the political landscape, earning him the label as the first English “Prime Minister.”
a) Robert Walpole
b) Thomas Pelham-Holles
c) Spencer Compton
d) William Cavendish

20. ROBERT WALPOLE

21. a) b) c) d) The Restoration
E.C.M When Parliament invited, in 1660, the Stuart son of Charles I, Charles II, to return to England to rule, thereby ending the Cromwellian republic. a) b) c)
d) The Restoration

22. THE RESTORATION

23. E.C.M Thought retaining the role of head of state, the monarch in this type of governmental system, like Great Britain’s , must consult with Parliament.
a) Popular Monarchy
b) Limited Constitutional Monarchy
c) Enlightened Absolutism
d) Aristocracy

24. LIMITED CONSTITUIONAL MONARCHY

25. Colonialism 15th century English explorer who traveled to the coasts of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and New England. His voyages led to England’s claim in North America.
a) Henry the Navigator
b) Christopher Columbus
c) John Cabot
d) Jacques Cartier

26. JOHN CABOT

27. Colonialism Sir Francis Drake, Sir John Hawkins, and Sir Walter Raleigh were among this group of adventurous English sea captains who challenged Portuguese and Spanish sea trade supremacy and robbed foreign vessels of their valuables.
a) Sea Dogs
b) Drake’s Exploerers
c) The Crusaders
d) None of the above

28. SEA DOGS

29. Colonialism Dutch sailor who searched for the Northwest Passage and claimed much of Northern Canada when he was employed by the British.
a) Bernard Fokke
b) Jan Hendrik van Kinsbergan
c) Cornelius Cruys
d) Henry Hudson

30. HENRY HUDSON

31. Jamestown b) Roanoke c) St. Lawrence d) Los Angeles
Colonialism England’s first permanent settlement (1607) in North America, it was located in what is today Virginia.
Jamestown
b) Roanoke
c) St. Lawrence
d) Los Angeles

32. JAMESTOWN

33. Enlightenment 18th century period of scientific and philosophical innovation in which people investigated human nature and sought to explain reality through rationalism, logical thinking. This period formed the basis of modern science.
a) The Reformation
b) The Renaissance
c) Age of Enlightenment
d) Scientific Revolution

34. AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

35. Enlightenment Body of Enlightenment thinkers
Enlightenment Body of Enlightenment thinkers. Most famous for writing Encyclopedia, a handbook for Enlightenment ideas, edited by Denis Diderot. French term for “philosophers.”
a) Intellectuals
b) Philosophes
c) Really smart French people
d) None of the above

36. PHILOSOPHES

37. a) Napoleon Bonaparte b) Robespierre c) Montesquieu d) Voltaire
Enlightenment Philosophe who wrote Spirit of the Laws in He described the British model of divided branches of government with checks and balances as the ideal system, later influencing the framing of the U.S. constitution.
a) Napoleon Bonaparte
b) Robespierre
c) Montesquieu
d) Voltaire

38. MONTESQUIEU

39. a) Voltaire b) Robespierre c) Catherine the Great d) Locke
Enlightenment Philosophe who wrote Candide, satirizing prejudice, oppressive government, and bigotry. Championed freedom of religion and thought
a) Voltaire
b) Robespierre
c) Catherine the Great
d) Locke

40. VOLTAIRE

41. a) Robespierre b) Montaigne c) Pascal d) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Enlightenment Philosophe who published the Social Contract. He posited that people are born good but are corrupted by education, laws, and society. Rousseau advocated a government based on popular sovereignty and was distrustful of other philsophes’ suffocating conformity to “reason.”
a) Robespierre
b) Montaigne
c) Pascal
d) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

42. JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU

43. Mary Wollstonecraft Virginia Woolf Lydia Becker Emmeline Pankhurst
Enlightenment British feminist in the 18th century who argued for women’s equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
Mary Wollstonecraft
Virginia Woolf
Lydia Becker
Emmeline Pankhurst

44. MARY WOLESTONECRAFT

45. Charles II Frederick II Henry IX James II
English Constitutional Monarchy Stuart son of Charles I and ruler of England from Known as the “Merry Monarchy” because of his restoration of a more liberal culture after Cromwell’s conservative republic.
Charles II
Frederick II
Henry IX
James II

46. CHARLES II

47. Tories and Whigs All of the above
English Constitutional Monarchy The largely Anglican Tories believed in a hereditary monarchy and favored allowing Charles II’s Catholic brother, James, to becoming king after Restoration. The Whigs opposed this because of his Catholicism and his absolutist tendencies.
Tories and Whigs
All of the above

48. The answer’s quite obvious.

49. French Revolution Before the 1789 Revolution, “Old Regime” France was divided into there estates: First Estate- Roman Catholic clergy (about 1% population); 2nd Estate- nobility (about 2% population); 3rd Estate- all the rest, including the bourgeoisie, city workers, rural peasants, and artisans (97% of the population)
a) The Consulate in France
b) Three Estates
c) 1789 Census Records
d) New Regime

50. THREE ESTATES