1. Ch 9, Sec 3-4: A Time of Conflict and the War of 1812

2. Rise of Trade
Ships were going to China, South America, Africa and new parts of Europe
Trading for silks, spices, and manufactured goods
American ships started moving supplies for countries at war
American economy was boosted

3. War with Tripoli Barbary pirates attacked ships along N. Africa
Tripoli demanded tribute from the U.S. but Pres. Jefferson refused to pay
Tripoli declared war
U.S. blockaded their port
Tripoli captured the Philadelphia and crew
Stephen Decatur led a crew to burn the ship
War ended with Tripoli promising not to charge tribute again and the U.S. had to pay $60,000 for their crew back

4. Problem at Sea 1803-Britain and France were at war
U.S. wanted to remain neutral so they could trade with both-known as neutral rights
Both countries got mad and threatened to search U.S. ships destined for enemy ports

5. Impressment: England picks a fight with the U.S.
England needed sailors for the war
Forced impressment-forcing people to serve in the military
They went aboard U.S. ships and took “deserters” for their navy
Attack on the Chesapeake-A U.S. ship attacked by the British but refused to allow them onboard
The British killed 3 Americans and wounded 18
Americans wanted war but Pres. Jefferson did not

6. Embargo Act of 1807
Pres. Jefferson’s revenge for the Chesapeake incident
Banned trading with other countries
Made it possible for the U.S. to not be the middle man between countries at war
U.S. way to prevent going into war
Not effective

7. Madison Takes Office Pres. Madison made a deal with Britain/France
Whoever stopped attacking U.S. ships first would be allowed to trade with the U.S.
France/Napoleon agreed first but cont. to attack U.S. ships
Madison refused to go to war with France
He saw Britain as a bigger threat

8. Frontier Conflicts Ohio became a state in 1803
Americans refused to stay out of native lands
Native Americans outraged and rallied behind Chief Tecumseh of the Shawnee tribe
Allied with British in Canada
The Prophet (Tecumseh’s bro) also started a movement for natives to ignore the treaties and American customs
Created a town in Indiana-Prophetstown

9. Battle of Tippecanoe
Gen. Harrison vs. Tecumseh and the Prophet at the Tippecanoe River
U.S. military won in 2 hrs for an American victory
But Tecumseh joined the British troops in Canada to start a bigger conflict

10. Who were the War Hawks? Young Republicans in Washington D.C. in 1810
Led by Henry Clay and John Calhoun
Southerners and Westerners
Tried to push the President towards war
Wanted to get revenge and show American power
Renewed nationalism in U.S.-loyalty to our country
Wanted to take land in Canada and Florida

11. Madison Declares War June 1, 1812 U.S. declares war against Britain
Britain decided to stop attacking U.S. ships before June 1 but the U.S. did not get the message in time
U.S. still planned for war

12. Problems Going Into War
U.S. military only had 7,000 troops
50, ,000 militia troops
Poorly trained
Many states did not support the war
Lack of leadership
U.S. underestimated the strength of British troops and Native Americans

13. First Attack Gen. Hull led a group of U.S. troops into Canada
Tecumseh surrounded him and gave up Detroit to save the troops by Aug. 1812
Gen. Harrison also tried to attack in Canada but was stopped at Lake Erie

14. Battle of the Thames
Commander Perry took control of Lake Erie and defeated the British navy there
Gen. Harrison then surrounded Tecumseh’s troops
Oct 5, Tecumseh was killed and York (Toronto, Canada) was attacked/burned down
U.S. navy called upon privateers and frigates to join the cause-morale victories

15. Britain goes on the Offensive
Britain’s war with France was over by 1814
They could send more troops to the war with the U.S.
They took Washington, D.C. quickly
Aug 24, 1814-every gov’t building in D.C. was burned down

16. On to Baltimore Britain left Washington for Baltimore
There, 13,000 militia defended the city
Sept 13-14, 1814-Battle over Baltimore
Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner about the event

17. Defeat at Plattsburgh
British under Gen. Prevost tried to attack in NY state at Plattsburgh
American Navy stopped the British troops in Sept. 1814
British retreated to Canada
British gave up on trying to retake the U.S. from the Americans

18. Treaty of Ghent War ended in Dec 1914 in Ghent Belgium
No borders changed
Word of the treaty did not get back in time to prevent another battle-Battle of New Orleans
Andrew Jackson killed 100s of British troops making him a hero/future president
The War of 1812 gave the U.S. a new sense of pride and national identity