Hamlet by William Shakespeare

Hamlet by William Shakespeare
Act IV

Hamlet Act IV Scene I Act IV, Scene I The Queen informs the King that Hamlet has killed Polonius in a fit of madness He orders Rozencrantz and Guildenstern to find the body. Claudius, happy he now has a reason to send Hamlet away, tells Gertrude that they will report Hamlet's crime to his council.

Hamlet Act IV Scene I Act IV, Scene I Claudius sees that Gertrude is upset. She says Hamlet was acting insane, and in his madness killed Polonius It is unclear if Gertrude is keeping Hamlet’s secret or really does think he is mad.

Hamlet Act IV Scene I Act IV, Scene I Claudius exclaims that if he had been behind the tapestry he would be dead. He thinks of how best to explain the murder to the public, and sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to find Hamlet. Claudius doesn’t mourn for Polonius, instead worrying about himself and how to manage the murder politically.

Hamlet Act IV Scene I Review:
What news does the queen report to the king? When hearing this news, what is Claudius’ first concern? Who does Claudius send to find Hamlet? Who are they all looking for during this scene? Why is everyone looking for Hamlet? What plans does Claudius have for Hamlet? Hamlet has killed Polonius, Polonius’ death. He would have been killed too, had he been there. Claudius sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to find Hamlet Hamlet To find out where he has put the body To send him to England to his death. He plans to have the King of England kill Hamlet.

Hamlet Act IV Scene I Guided Question:
How is this scene ambiguous regarding Gertrude’s “conversion” from the previous scene? On one hand, Gertrude still plays the role of faithful queen, telling Claudius of Polonius' murder. She does not object to Hamlet being sent to England. On the other hand, she does not report to Claudius all of the details of her conversation with Hamlet, and there is no evidence to suggest that she knows the fate that awaits Hamlet in England.

Hamlet Act IV Scene II Scene II opens in another room in the castle, where Rosencrantz and Guildenstern find Hamlet alone. They confront him, asking "[w]hat have you done my lord, with the dead body? (IV.ii.5). Hamlet, scornfully contemptuous of the two courtiers, calls Rosencrantz a "sponge,” and is outraged that they dare demand an answer from him: "what replication should be made by the son of a king?" (IV.ii.12-13). Hamlet refers to Rosencrantz as a sponge – he says that a sponge soaks up the kings approval, his rewards, and his decisions. When you soak up enough the king can squeeze you out and you’ll be dry again.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene II They persist and order him to accompany them back to the King. Hamlet replies: "The body is with the king, but the king is not with the body" (IV.ii.27-28). Although this makes perfect sense -- Polonius is with the King, Hamlet's father, but Claudius remains alive -- the courtiers believe him to be incoherent. .

Hamlet - Act IV Scene II Hamlet agrees to see the King and runs off stage. He yells out to begin a game of hide-and-seek: "hide fox, and all after" (IV.iii.30-31). The fox is Polonius, for whom everyone is searching.

Hamlet - Act IV Scene II Rosencrantz and Guildenstern find Hamlet. They ask where Polonius’s body is. Hamlet responds in riddles and insults—he calls Rosencrantz a “sponge” soaking up the king’s favor. Hamlet agrees to see Claudius, but then dashes off. By calling Rosencrantz a “sponge,” Hamlet implies that through their foolishness R&G have been taken over by Claudius. They have lost their inner reality.

Hamlet - Act IV Scene II Scene II Review: Who finds Hamlet?
Hamlet accuses … of being like what (kitchen) item? Who does Hamlet accuse of being like a sponge? Who or what does Hamlet say is “with the king”? Where do Rosencrantz and Guildenstern want Hamlet to go? To where are Rosencrantz and Guildenstern instructed to take the body? Rosencrantz and Guildenstern A sponge The body of Polonius To see the king To the chapel

Hamlet Act IV Scene II Guided Question:
What is the apparent purpose of this brief scene? The scene really does not advance plot, develop character, or help establish theme. There is, however, additional wordplay for the audience's amusement, and it possibly helps to establish Rosencrantz and Guildenstern's naiveté' and innocence. They do not understand what Hamlet is accusing them of, nor do they recognize his warning that when Claudius is done with them, he will merely discard them.

Hamlet Act IV Scene III Act IV, Scene III In a meeting room in the castle, Claudius sits with his lords, and reports to them that Hamlet has killed his Lord Chamberlain. He tells them that the Prince must be exiled to England, but the public, who love Hamlet, must not know the true reason why he is leaving. Rosencrantz brings the guarded Hamlet before the King:

Hamlet – Act IV Scene III
King: Now, Hamlet, where's Polonius? Hamlet: At supper. King: At supper, where? Hamlet: Not where he eats, but where he is eaten: a certain convocation of politic worms are e'en at him. Your worm is your only emperor for diet: we fat all creatures else fat to us, and we fat ourselves for maggots: your fat king and your lean beggar is but variable service, two dishes, but to one table: that's the end. (IV.iii.17-25)

Hamlet finally tells Claudius that the body is on the stairs that lead into the lobby. The King informs Hamlet that he must leave for England, for his own safety. Hamlet slyly replies that he knows the King's real purpose for sending him away, but he nonetheless gladly obliges and bids farewell to his mother.

Claudius mulls how to deal with Hamlet. The killing of Polonius has convinced him that Hamlet is too dangerous to remain nearby, but at the same time he is unsure how to send Hamlet away because the people of Denmark love Hamlet. Claudius is always thinking about politics, about appearance.

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern enter with Hamlet. Claudius asks where Polonius is. Hamlet answers that Polonius is feeding worms. He explains that a dead king will do the same and, through the processes of nature, might end up in the “guts of a beggar.” Hamlet then says Claudius could send someone to check for Polonius in heaven or go down to check in hell himself. Finally, Hamlet tells them that in a month they may smell Polonius’s body rotting beneath the stairs to the castle lobby. Hamlet’s mockery and word play begins to focus on death. He describes how life devours itself in order to live, and explicitly links this idea to the image of worms devouring a king. In doing so, Hamlet is indirectly threatening Claudius.

Claudius sends Rosencrantz to get the body, then tells Hamlet that to protect him he will send him immediately to England. Hamlet agrees, though he continues to insult Claudius. Claudius sends Guildenstern to make sure Hamlet gets on the ship immediately. Finally alone, Claudius writes a letter for the three men to give to the King of England—a letter that asks the King to execute Hamlet. Claudius doesn’t feel the need for evidence to act against Hamlet. As soon as Hamlet seems like a threat. Claudius plots to have him killed, and uses the unknowing Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to make it happen.

Hamlet - Act IV Scene III
Scene III Review: Who is brought before Claudius? What does Hamlet hesitate to tell everyone? What has Hamlet hidden? What does everyone want to know from Hamlet? Where does Hamlet say they can find Polonius’ body? How does Hamlet say they can find the body if they wait long enough? Hamlet says we are all food for what small creature? What news does Claudius tell Hamlet? What request has Claudius made of England? Hamlet Where he has hidden the body The body Up the stairs in the lobby They can smell it as it decomposes Maggots He is being sent to England That they execute Hamlet

Scene III Guided Questions: Why can't Claudius simply deal with Hamlet swiftly and harshly as allowed by law? As a prince, Hamlet is popular with the people of Denmark, and Claudius dare not antagonize them.

Scene III Guided Questions: How does this scene advance Hamlet's developing awareness of death? The whole Polonius-body episode focuses on the physical aspect of death. The body remains to return to the dust, to be eaten by worms, etc. Hamlet’s observation that a King’s body might end up feeding a peasant foreshadows the realization he will have in Act V, scene i that the fact of death makes all people equal

Scene III Guided Questions: Do Rosencrantz and Guildenstern know the true purpose of their journey to England? They exit before Claudius informs the audience that he has written-and sealed- letters instructing the English King to execute Hamlet. Therefore, they do not know the exact nature of their trip. Earlier (Act III, Scene I) Claudius claimed that the trip to England was for the purpose of collecting tax that was due and England had failed to pay. Plus, he alleged that the sea voyage and change of scenery would do Hamlet’s mental state good.

When Hamlet exits the room, the King demands that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern follow the Prince closely, and they rush off. Claudius is now alone to reveal his sinister plan: he will send letters to England, a country "raw and red/After the Danish sword" (IV.iii.60-61), threatening war unless they assassinate Hamlet when he lands on British soil.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene IV On his way to England, Hamlet meets a captain in the army led by Fortinbras, the Prince of Norway. Hamlet asks the Captain where they are going and who commands the troops The Captain tells him that Fortinbras is leading his men to capture a "little patch of ground/That hath in it no profit but the name" (IV.iv.18-19).

Hamlet – Act IV Scene IV Hamlet is impressed by the idea of so many soldiers preparing to die for an inconsequential piece of land, and he admires their resolve. He longs to be more like Fortinbras and his men -- they do not lament and waste time pondering when honor is at stake, they act. Hamlet vows that, if he must still think at all, he will think only bloody thoughts.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene IV Near the coast of Denmark, Fortinbras’s army marches toward Poland. He sends a captain to Elsinore with a message of greeting for the King of Denmark. By sending the captain to greet Claudius, Fortinbras shows he means to keep his word not to attack Denmark.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene IV The captain runs into Hamlet, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern, and happily tells them the land about to be fought over is worthless. Hamlet asks Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to go on ahead. In a soliloquy, he bitterly compares himself to Fortinbras and his soldiers. They go to die just for a chance at honor, while he, with much greater reasons to act, has failed to revenge himself on Claudius, Hamlet vows “from this day forward may all my thoughts be bloody,” and promises to focus only on revenge Fortinbras is willing to act to gain honor. Though Hamlet, as you’d expect, sees such thoughtless actions as ridiculous, he also sees the nobility it in.

Hamlet - Act IV Scene IV Scene IV Review:
Who does Fortinbras send to deliver a message? What message is the captain sent to deliver? Who sends the captain to deliver a message to Claudius? With whom does Hamlet meet and speak? Where is the captain going? Where was Hamlet going before stopping to speak to the captain? Where is Hamlet going? Where does the captain say his army is going? What is the dispute between Norway and Poland? Who is escorting Hamlet? Who does Hamlet tell to go ahead and he will catch up with them shortly? A captain Request permission for Fortinbras’ army to pass over Denmark’s land Fortinbras To deliver a message to Claudius To the ship bound for England To a ship bound for England It is about a small patch of land Rosencrantz and Guildenstern

Hamlet - Act IV Scene IV Scene IV Guided Questions: What is the apparent purpose of this brief scene? First of all, this scene introduces us to Fortinbras, not as a hothead invading Denmark, but as “a delicate and tender prince.” Secondly, Fortinbras’ intent to invade Poland and fight over a worthless piece of land, and Poland’s intent to defend it again highlights Hamlet’s inactivity, the fact that he has more concrete call to action and has taken none. Fortinbras is a character foil for Hamlet.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene V Scene V opens back at the castle in Elsinore, where Hamlet has been gone a few days. The Queen, Horatio, and a gentleman are discussing poor, tormented Ophelia, who has shattered under the strain of her father's death and Hamlet's cruelty and has gone completely insane.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene V Ophelia enters the room and begins to sing a song about a dead lover and another about Saint Valentine's day. The King has arrived and speaks gently to Ophelia. She leaves, mumbling good night to the court, and the King asks Horatio to follow her.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene V A messenger enters and reports to Claudius that he save himself, for Laertes has heard of Polonius' death and holds the King responsible. He has raised a rebellion, and his men are crying "Choose we; Laertes shall be king!" (IV.v.104).

Hamlet – Act IV Scene V Suddenly, the doors burst open and Laertes rushes into the castle. He holds his Danish rebels at bay and speaks to Claudius alone: "O thou vile king/Give me my father!" (IV.i ). But Claudius knows how to control the young and impetuous Laertes, and soon directs Laertes' rage towards Hamlet.

Hamlet- Act IV Scene V From outside the meeting room Laertes hears footsteps. It is his sister, Ophelia, and he greets her with a outpouring of grief, vowing that her "madness shall be paid with weight.” Ophelia replies with a nonsensical song and gives her brother some violets.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene V Laertes, overcome with sorrow, cries "Do you see this, O God?.” The King offers his condolences once more and then suggests to Laertes that he focus on sweet revenge. They move to another room to discuss a course of action, and the scene comes to a close.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene V Gertrude and Horatio sadly discuss the madness that has taken over Ophelia since Polonius was killed. Ophelia enters, singing mournful songs about her father. Hamlet’s madness is feigned. Ophelia’s is real. As a woman, Ophelia can’t act, so she goes mad.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene V Claudius enters. Ophelia’s madness upsets and unnerves him. Ophelia’s songs change topic, and focus on maids who are seduced. She exits with the comment that her brother shall know of her father’s death. Horatio follows her. Do Ophelia’s songs about seduced maids indicate that she had a sexual relationship with Hamlet? This is an unresolved question in the play.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene V Claudius mentions the commoners are also angry about Polonius’s death, and that Laertes has secretly sailed back to Denmark. A messenger rushes in with news that Laertes is actually marching toward the castle at the head of a mob chanting ”Laertes king!” Contrast with Hamlet: as soon as Laertes hears of his father’s murder, he returns to Denmark and nearly starts a revolution!

Hamlet – Act IV Scene V Gertrude exclaims that the mob and Laertes are blaming the wrong person for the death of Polonius. Ironic that Gertrude defends the man who killed her husband.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene V Laertes bursts into the room, Claudius asks for calm, Laertes retorts that to be calm would make him a bastard, that he would dare damnation just to get revenge for the death of his father. Claudius admits that Polonius is dead. Gertrude adds that Claudius did not kill him. Another point of comparison with Hamlet in terms of willingness to act to get revenge.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene V Ophelia enters. She is clearly insane, singing, songs, speaking in riddles, and handing out flowers (perhaps imaginary): rosemary and pansies to Laertes: fennel and columbines to Gertrude; rue and daisies to to Claudius. Laertes demands vengeance for her madness. Ophelia exits, wishing God’s blessing on everyone. The flowers held symbolic meaning in Shakespeare’s time. Rosemary for remembrance. Pansies for thoughts. Fennel for flattery. Columbines for infidelity. Daisies for seduction.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene V Claudius asks Laertes to let him explain what happened to Polonius, and promises to hand over the crown to Laertes if, after the explanation, his actions still strike Laertes as unjust. Laertes acts without thinking. Claudius can manipulate those who don’t think and turn their actions to his own advantage.

Hamlet - Act IV Scene V Scene V Review:
Who does the queen say she does not want to speak to? Who does Horatio insist the queen must try to speak to? Who requests that Gertrude attempts to speak to Ophelia? Who is clearly distraught and deranged during this scene? Who is singing during this scene? Besides Gertrude, who else speaks to Ophelia? What might be the cause of Ophelia’s distress? When Ophelia exits, what concerns does Claudius have? Who does Claudius say has secretly returned home, back to Denmark? What noise do Claudius and Gertrude suddenly hear? Who comes barging into the room? Ophelia A Gentlemen, Horation Claudius The news of her father’s death People think he might have something to do with Polonius’ death Laertes A ganging on their doors, a mob entering the castle, people shouting

Hamlet - Act IV Scene V Scene V Review:
Who threatens to kill Claudius? Why does he threaten to kill Claudius? As Laertes threatens Claudius, who comes into the room? What does Ophelia had to those present? Laertes He holds Claudius responsible for his father’s death Ophelia Flowers

Hamlet - Act IV Scene V Scene V Guided Questions: What important information does Claudius reveal? Claudius tells Gertrude that the people of Denmark are grumbling and in turmoil over the death of Polonius. Further, Polonius was buried quickly without any of the ceremony that would have been fitting for a person of his rank. Laertes has secretly entered Denmark, has kept himself in hiding, and has been rousing the people against Claudius.

Hamlet - Act IV Scene V Scene V Guided Questions: What do they assume is the cause of Ophelia's apparent madness? They assume that Ophelia’s madness is a combination of the stresses of her father’s death, Hamlet’s being sent away, and the fact that Hamlet is her father’s killer.

Hamlet - Act IV Scene V Scene V Guided Questions: Describe Laertes' response to his father's death. How is he a foil for Hamlet? Laertes is in a rage and intent upon revenge. Because Laertes is able to gather a small army of supporters, the implication is that Hamlet, who is so popular, could have unseated Claudius this way. Laertes contrasts with Hamlet because he focuses his energy on action while Hamlet’s energy is focused on thought.

Hamlet - Act IV Scene V Scene V Guided Questions: How do the flowers Ophelia distributes relate to the characters and their actions? This questions also requires a little research. The fennel and columbines that she gives to the Queen represent unfaithfulness because the Queen has been unfaithful to her late husband and her son. She gives the King rue of repentance, signifying that he should repent for the murder of his brother. She also gives him a daisy, the symbol of unrequited love. Perhaps she is alluding to the idea that the Queen does not truly love him.

Hamlet – Act IV Scene VI A sailor brings Horatio a letter from Hamlet. He writes of his capture by pirates on his way to England. These "thieves of mercy" have released the Prince, on the condition that he will repay them when he returns to Denmark. Hamlet finishes the letter by asking Horatio to come to him at once, and to ensure that the King receive letters intended only for him.

Hamlet - Act IV Scene VI Finally, Hamlet writes that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have continued their course for England. Horatio grants the sailor permission to take the letters to the King, imploring him to return swiftly, so that they can meet with Hamlet at once.

Hamlet - Act IV Scene VI A sailor gives Horatio letters from Hamlet. The letter says that a pirate attacked Hamlet’s ship. Hamlet was taken prisoner and returned to Denmark for a ransom, while Rosencrantz and Guildenstern continue on to England. Horatio is to send the sailors to Claudius, and then to find Hamlet. The pirate attack is an example of deus ex machina – a device used to further the plot / an improbable or unexpected device or character introduction to resolve a situation = Pirate attack to return Hamlet to Denmark. It doesn’t have any real thematic meaning.

Hamlet - Act IV Scene VI Motif – Insanity
Insanity is replayed throughout the book. Hamlet Ophelia Who is truly made because of her fathers death.

Hamlet - Act IV Scene VI Scene VI Review:
Who gives Horatio several letters? From whom are the letters? In his letters, where does Hamlet say he is? How does Hamlet arrive back in Denmark? Where does Hamlet say the sailor will take Horatio? A sailor Hamlet Back in Denmark Pirates To where Hamlet is hiding

Hamlet – Act IV Scene VII
The King and Laertes meet to discuss Hamlet. The King tells Laertes that he cannot harm the Prince directly, out of respect and concern for his beautiful Queen, who loves Hamlet above all else. Moreover, Claudius cannot enrage the people of Denmark, who adore the Prince and would surely rise up in protest.

So the King proposes that they arrange a fencing match between Laertes and Hamlet, and that Hamlet, thinking it is for sport, will use a blunt sword, while Laertes will use his own military sword. To ensure Hamlet's death, Laertes will anoint the tip with a poison "So mortal, that but dip a knife in it/Where it draws blood, no cataplasm so rare/ ... can save the thing from death/That is but scratch'd withal". (IV.vii ).

The King then suggests that a goblet full of poisoned wine be set out for Hamlet to drink in case he becomes thirsty during the match. Suddenly, they hear noise outside the door. The Queen enters with the news that Ophelia has fallen off a willow tree branch and drowned. Laertes tries to fight his emotion, but storms out of the room. The King, worried that Laertes will act in haste and ruin the plan, rushes to follow him.

Alone with Claudius, Laertes asks why Claudius didn’t punish Hamlet for killing Polonius. Claudius answers: First, he loves Gertrude and she’s Hamlet’s mother; second, Hamlet is loved by the people, so punishing him might have caused a revolt. Claudius is always calculating, always careful to manipulate events and perceptions of events. He has already blunted Laertes’ purpose.

A messenger enters with letters from Hamlet. Claudius is bewildered at Hamlet’s return. Laertes is pleased: now he’ll get his chance at revenge. Claudius comes up with a plot. Claudius says Laertes’ skill with a sword recently aroused Hamlet’s envy, and Claudius thinks they could lure Hamlet into a duel with Laertes. Claudius asks to what length Laertes would to to get revenge on Hamlet. Laertes says “to cut his throat in a church.” Claudius uses flattery of Laertes swordsmanship to convince Laertes to join his plot. Claudius doesn’t care about Laertes’ honor. He just wants to get rid of Hamlet. Compare Laertes willingness to kill Hamlet in church; this is exactly what Hamlet refused to do to Claudius.

Claudius reveals his plan: they will poison Laertes’s sword. The slightest scratch will kill Hamlet. As a backup, Claudius decides to poison a glass of wine and offer t to Hamlet during the duel. Laertes, who prides himself on honor, has been corrupted. He’s joined an ignoble plot using deception and poison.

Hamlet - Act IV Scene VI Scene VI Review:
When speaking to Laertes, what is one of the two reasons he says he cannot outright execute Hamlet for killing Polonius? What does a messenger deliver to Claudius? One of Hamlet’s letters is delivered to the king, to whom is the other letter addressed? What is something Hamlet says in his letter? Who does Claudius allow to hear and read Hamlet’s letter? Who is Lamord According to Claudius, what did Lamord say about Laertes? According to Claudius, what made Hamlet jealous? Who plans to put poison on the tip of one of the fencing swords? What news does Gertrude bring? How has Ophelia died? His mother loves him too much, the people of Denmark would be upset Hamlet’s letter Gertrude He has returned, wants to meet with Claudius and explain how he returned Laertes A great Norman sportsman Complimented Laertes’s fencing skills Lamord’s compliment of Laertes’ fencing skills. Opheila Drowned

Hamlet - Act IV Scene VI - VII
Scene VI - VII Guided Questions: What news is revealed in Hamlet's letter to Horatio? What does this show about Hamlet? The ship bringing Hamlet to England was attacked by pirates. The pirates are bringing Hamlet back to Denmark. He is clever enough to have negotiated this arrangement.

Scene VI - VII Guided Questions: What will happen to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern? Hamlet has opened the sealed orders that decree his death. He changed them to order Rosencrantz’ and Guildenstern’s death.

Scene VI - VII Guided Questions: How does this episode illustrate the role of coincidence in Shakespearean tragedy? While coincidence does not directly cause any of the tragic action, it can – and usually does- contribute to the tragic action. For example, it is simply by coincidence that Hamlet happens to have the king’s seal with him so that he can open and reseal the letters Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are carrying. It is coincidence that the ship taking him to England happens to be beset by pirates, that he happens to board their ship, etc.

Scene VI - VII Guided Questions: Why does Claudius tell Laertes he will not kill Hamlet himself? The King will not kill Hamlet for two reasons. First, the Queen loves Hamlet and since the King loves her, he will not hurt her. Secondly, Claudius cannot kill him because the people love him

Scene VI - VII Guided Questions: In Gertrude's description of Ophelia's drowning, what suggests that Ophelia committed suicide? After falling into the water, Ophelia neither calls out for help nor takes any action to help herself.

Scene VI - VII Guided Questions: In Gertrude's description of Ophelia's drowning, what suggests that Ophelia's death was an accident? Gertrude describes her falling into the water as apparently accidental – a branch broker while she was hanging a garland of flowers, and she fell in. Gertrude also points out that Ophelia did not seem to have any idea of the danger she was in while she sang the old songs and sank.

Hamlet Act IV Review: By concealing Polonius’ body, Hamlet is attempting to? What is Hamlet’s reaction about Fortinbras’ attack against Poland? Fortinbras’ desire for action is the direct contrast to? What may have attributed to Ophelia’s mental breakdown? As Ophelia goes through the various flowers of her bouquet, which event is not symbolically represented? Deny God a soul and decide Polonius’ fate in the afterlife. Hamlet is ashamed that he cannot take any action when he has stronger motives. Hamlet’s inability to act on his sworn oath to avenge his father’s murder The murder of her father Claudius’ murder of his brother

Hamlet Act IV Review: Laertes’ willingness to join Claudius in a plot to kill Hamlet is a result of? Which of the following techniques does Claudius not use when manipulating Laertes? How does Claudius use the death of Polonius to his advantage? Ophelia’s madness is expressed most through? Which of the following statements does not support Claudius’ insistence to keep up appearances? Claudius’ ability to manipulate Laertes because of his emotional turmoil If Laertes were to assist him in killing Hamlet, then he would reward Laertes with more jewels than were equal to the four previous Danish kings entire wealth He can have Laertes kill Hamlet without offending Gertrude Her songs and flowers which represent her grief and sense of loss. His concern for Ophelia’s madness and his role in her mental anguish

Hamlet by William Shakespeare

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