1. The Renaissance

2. The Italian Renaissance
Renaissance  rebirth
Italian Renaissance  rebirth of ancient Greek & Roman worlds
Characteristics
Secular Urban society (City-states)
Age of Recovery
New view of human ability & worth

3. Origins of the Renaissance
European trade with Asia increased during the 1300s.
2. Italian merchants organized much of this trade.
3. Trade cities in Italy grew wealthy.
4. They competed to create works that would increase the prestige of their cities.
Genoa
Milan
Venice

4. Origins of the Renaissance (cont)
5. Florence became a center for banking, art, culture, and literature.
6. Cosimo de’ Medici wanted to make
Florence the most beautiful city.
7. The Renaissance began in Italy and
spread throughout Europe.

5. Important City-States of the Renaissance
Palazzo
Contarini
del Bovolo,
Venice
Florence
Rome
Venice
Genoa
Milan
Genoa Towers,
Façade and
bell tower,
Santa Maria
del Fiore,
Florence
Comune
gi Milano,
Milan

6. City State Populations

7. Each Italian city-state had its own wealthy ruler.
Italian City States – Not yet the nation of ITALY
Each Italian
city-state had
its own wealthy
ruler.
Italian Trade Routes – Notice the impact on Italy

8. Florence Center of art, literature, and culture.
Florence became wealthy from the manufacturing of wool.
Later Florence became the banking center of Italy.
The Medici family were the greatest bankers in Florence.

9. Florence
The Renaissance started in Florence and spread throughout Europe.
Competition between the Italian city-states led to advances in literature, architecture, art, music, science, and education.

10. Medici Family Ruled Florence, 13th  17th Centuries
Aimed to make Florence the most beautiful city in the world – Became Patrons of the Arts. Commissioned artist (incl. da Vinci, Raphael & Michelangelo)
Lorenzo (The Magnificent) –
created peace among Italian
states, ended w/his death,
2 years later FR invades

11. Rome Home of the Catholic Church Popes commissioned
famous artists and architects to beautify Rome. Michelangelo,
Raphael, and Botticelli all produced major works in Rome.

12. Rome
The popes employed the best artists and architects of the Renaissance to build and decorate the most opulent churches in in the world.
Michelangelo designed the finest example of Renaissance architecture in Rome, the Piazza del Campidoglio (bottom left). He also designed the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica (bottom right).

13. Venice Venice was the wealthiest city-state of the Renaissance.
It was a port city on the Mediterranean.
Venice maintained hundreds of merchant ships and warships, and thousands of sailors.

14. Genoa Genoa is located on the Mediterranean.
Genoa was one of two main port cities in Italy during the Renaissance.
Genoa was one of the wealthiest city-states of the Renaissance.
Dominated trade in the Mediterranean
Genoa Harbor

15. Milan
Milan dominated the inland trade routes because it was the gateway to Italy from the north.
Milan is the site of Santa Maria delle Grazie, the cathedral where Leonardo da Vinci painted The Last Supper in the dining hall.

16. Niccolo Machiavelli IT philosopher, diplomat, poet,
musician, playwright..
Best known for The Prince – realist politics
Rulers should behave like a lion (aggressive and powerful) and at other times like a fox (cunning and practical)
“The Ends Justify the Means”
“It was better to be feared than to be loved”
All this done to keep peace and stabilize power
1st to publicly suggest immoral behavior for govt stability

17. Renaissance Society Strict Class society
Nobility – most powerful, but smallest group
Strict rules and expectations
Born not made or earned
Townspeople
Wide range of wealth, from rich to poor
Provide goods & services
Peasants – weakest, but largest group
More freedoms as serfdom decreased
Mainly lived in rural areas, so were least impacted by Renaissance

18. The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance

19. Italian Renaissance Humanism
Stressed that man was the center of the universe and had dignity and value
Humanism – intellectual movement based on the classics
Study – grammar, rhetoric (debate), poetry, philosophy & history (the Humanities)
Ren Educations – based on humanism
Goal – create complete citizens
Vernacular Literature – written in common lang
Dante, Chaucer, Pizan

20. Petrarch: “Father of Humanism”
Petrarch was a scholar and poet who was responsible for the recovery of manuscripts and works of Greek and Roman writers.
He traveled throughout Europe recovering manuscripts of Cicero and other Roman authors that had been lost in monastery libraries.
Petrarch, like other writers of the time, wrote in Latin.
Francesco Petrarch

21. Dante Alighieri “Father of the Italian Language”
Wrote The Divine Comedy.
The Divine Comedy is considered one of the greatest works of Italian and world literature.
Dante was first to write in the vernacular, the language used in everyday life. Until his time, all European literature was written in Latin.
Dante Alighieri

22. Insert scanned table

23. The Artistic Renaissance in Italy
Rome became the center of Renaissance art in the 1500s.
Pope Alexander VI: most notorious of the Renaissances popes; spent huge sums on art patronage.
3 Masters of the High Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael
Sculpture & Architecture are include in Renaissance Art, both drew from Greek & Roman influenences

24. New Artistic Techniques
Fresco – watercolor on fresh plaster
Law of Perspective
Study of human anatomy
GOAL – imitate nature
From Michelangelo’s Sketch Book

25. Leonardo da Vinci Master of realism & perspective
Studied human anatomy (cadavers) to be as accurate as possible
Sculptor, painter, astronomer, inventor – a true “Renaissance Man”

26. Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper
A page from one of da Vinci’s notebooks, he “coded” his work by writing backwards. He could read it, but most other people would need a mirror to read it.

27. Raphael Santi 1 of the top Renaissance painters
Especially known for his “Madonna's” – paintings of Mary the mother of Jesus
A major artist in the Vatican
Madonna of the Meadows
Madonna del Granduca

28. Raphael Santi
School of Athens - fresco in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican.
Thought to be Raphael’s masterpiece.

29. Raphael Santi
The bracketed names are the contemporary characters from whom Raphael is thought to have drawn his likenesses. 6: Pythagoras? 7: Alexander the Great? 12: Socrates? 13: Heraclitus (Michelangelo) 14: Plato holding the Timaeus (Leonardo da Vinci) 15: Aristotle holding the Ethics? 16: Diogenes of Sinope? 17: 18: Euclid or Archimedes with students 20: Ptolemy? R: Apelles (Raphael)

30. Michelangelo Buonarroti
Painter, sculptor and architect
Most famous for work in Vatican City
Vatican City
St. Peter’s Bascillica (large domed building) – designed by Michelangelo
(St. Peter’s Square – designed by Bernini)