1. Open Data Discussions in Japan and DRR
Data for The Public Good: Responsibilities, Opportunities and Dangers in a Data-Aware Society
International Data Forum
September 14th, 2016, Denver, Colorado, US
President, Science Council of Japan
President, Toyohashi University of Technology
Takashi ONISHI

2. Open Science Issues are relatively new Subjects
This was discussed in ST Ministers and Science Academy Presidents Meeting in London, Then, some Government sectors and the national academy had opportunities to discuss this in Japan. [1] The Expert Panel on Open Science, based on Global Perspectives, Cabinet Office, March 30, [2] Follow up Expert Panel on Open Science, Cabinet Office, Nov. 12, [3] Committee on Science and Technology Basic Plan, Science Council of Japan, Recommendations for the 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan, Feb. 27, [4] ICSU-IAP-ISSC-TWAS working group, Open Data in Big Data World, Dec., 2015, [5]SCJ (2016), Recommendations Concerning an Approach to Open Science That Will Contribute to Open Innovation
SCJ (2016), Recommendations Concerning an Approach to Open Science That Will Contribute to　Open Innovation

3. Details of studies (1/2) in SCJ(2016)
guidelines for “openness in research data”
“Openness” just means contributing to open innovation be shared to a greater extent than it is now. Guidelines determines what kind of data be made open and what kind of data be kept closed.
incentives for openness
(a) The acceleration of research activities through the reuse of research results, (b) Virtual observatory and/or laboratory using databases and analytical tools, (c) Acquisition of research resources, (d) Interdisciplinary integration, and (e) Social implementation.
Allocation of the cost for open science
Data production costs, data distribution costs, and data storage costs must be balanced to the benefits from utilization of data through openness.

4. Details of studies (2/2) in SCJ(2016)
Career design for researchers producing or managing data
Data producers and data curators find it difficult to establish careers as researchers.
The possibilities of open science
The questionnaire survey of scientific associations shows that the majority of the scientific associations that responded have already made academic papers as well as digital data such as data and databases relating to academic papers public. Furthermore, at approximately half of them, the establishment of common measurement criteria for each data item means that there is also data that could become even more valuable.

5. Recommendations
Establishment of an infrastructure that enables to manage and open interdisciplinary research data
Establishment of data strategies by each research community
From the perspective of costs, the key point is to establish clear criteria for the selection of data. A mechanism for establishing and administering data repositories based on the open/closed data strategies determined by research communities will be included in the research data infrastructure described in Recommendation ①.
Career design for data producers and data curators
The data producers and data curators who have provided data for academic papers must be named in academic papers, and should be recognized from scientifc point of view.

6. Disaster Risk Reduction(DRR) can be a Pioneer for Open Data?
SCJ called scientific societies to organize a research platform in DRR.
52 organizations, more than 160 gather together to make Japan Academic Network for Disaster Risk Reduction.
They are from seismology, geo-science, architecture, civil engineering to acute medicine and disaster nursing.

7. Merits of Open Data in Disaster Risk Reduction Studies
The merits of open data in the field of disaster risk reduction is promoting the research and application of the results to the society through using data beyond traditional fields of studies.
There are so many observational data related to natural disasters, rainfall, wind, atmospheric pressure, typhoon, changes of underground fault, ground motion, tsunami, and so on. What are important are not only using the data provided by other academic fields, but also learning analytical methods.

8. Example DATA connection and ICT saved Shinkansen in March 11, 2011
Example DATA connection and ICT saved Shinkansen in March 11, Tohoku Shinkansen (Bullet Train) immediately stopped by primary-wave sensors located along the coastline1①, the prompt analysis② and early warning/actions ③. No derailment, No fatalities, No injuries.
Epicenter
P-wave detected
Power-off
Emergency
Brake
Seismo-
meter
Electricity Power
Transformer
S-wave
27 Shinkansen were in service between Tokyo and Shin-Aomori.
2 Shinkansen were running at maximum speed 270km/h near Sendai.
P-wave detected, electricity immediately cut off, 9-12 seconds before the first S-wave.
Emergency brake. Maximum S-wave reached 70 seconds after the first detection,
Shinkansen was already slowed down below 100km/h. Safe Stop!

9. Integrating historical document data and scientific evidence to show the possibilities of re-occurrence of extreme natural hazards.
Ancient　or historical documents tell us the past extreme natural hazards, such as earthquakes.
Geological research gives us the traces of those hazards, such as earthquakes or tsunami..

10. Conclusion
SCJ presented “recommendations on Open Data” to take action for constructing the in data base infrastructure and calling academic societies to promote open data through setting up open/close policies.
Open data will be promoted rapidly in Disaster Reduction field.