1. Kingdom Animalia

2. General Characteristics
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Lack cell walls
Heterotrophs

3. Two Major Groups Invertebrates Vertebrates
No backbone or vertebral column
95% of the kingdom!
Vertebrates
Have a backbone
5 % of the kingdom!

4. What Animals Do to Survive
Evolution over long time allows animals to
Feed
Respire
Circulation of nutrients and oxygen
Excrete waste
Respond to environment
Movement towards food and away from harm
Reproduce

5. Trends in Animal Evolution
Cell specialization
Cells  tissues  organs  organ systems
Complex functions
Early development
How cells divide and move during embryological development

6. Body Symmetry Body symmetry
-Radial Symmetry: equal halves produced when divided along any plane, through a central axis.
1. Ability to sense food from any direction
Bilateral Symmetry: right and left sides are mirror images, when divided lengthwise.
- Asymmetry- No distinct body plan.

7. Radial Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry
Planes of symmetry
Plane of symmetry
Ventral side
Dorsal side
Posterior end
Anterior end

8. 9 phyla in Kingdom Animalia
Porifera: sponges
Cnidaria: jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, corals
Platyhelminthes: (flat) planarian, flukes, tapeworms
Nemotoda: (round) Trichinella, hookworms
Annelida: (segmented) earthworms, leeches
Mollusca: (shelled) squids, snails, clams
Arthropoda: crayfish, shrimp, spiders, horseshoe crabs, insects
Echinodermata: sea urchins, sea cucumber , star fish
Chordata: tunicates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

9. THE LAB Note the characteristics and examples for each phylum
On the cladogram provided to you, label each phylum on the line under the appropriate drawing
Fill in the synaptomorphic and automorphic traits that distinguish each phylum—in the slides, automorphic traits are in bold while synaptomorphic traits are termed first seen
* Use this slide show for make-up work or as a supplement to the lab specimens displayed in your biology room

10. Kingdom Animalia Cladogram
Spiny Skin
Endoskeleton
Ventral nervous
System
Pseudocoelom
Cephalization
Primitve
nerve net
Bilateral Symmetry
Specialized tissues
Multicellularity
Chordata
Echinodermata
Arthropoda
Annelida
Mollusks
Nematoda
Platyhelminthes
Cnidarians
Sponges
Single-celled ancestor
Exoskeleton
Dorsal Hearts
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Jointed Appendages
Internal and external shells
Gastrovascular cavity
segmentation
Gut with two openings
asymetric

11. Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
According to your cladogram, which phylum has bilateral symmetry, cephalization and a gastrovascular cavity?
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
According to your cladogram, which phylum is segmented with dorsal hearts?
Annelida
According to your cladogram, what are the traits (7 of them) that make a starfish an echinoderm?
Specialized tissues, Radial Symmetry, cephalization, gut with two openings, ventral nervous system, endoskeleton, and spiny skin
Describe a Cnidarian by listing all its derived traits and well as two examples.
Specialized tissues and primitive nerve net.
Jelly fish, coral, sea fans, anenomes

12. Automorphic – derived traits unique to a specific phylum.
What is the difference between an automorphic trait and a synapomorphic trait on a cladogram?
Automorphic – derived traits unique to a specific phylum.
Synapomorphic – dervied traits found in many phyla.
What is cephalization?
Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of the animals body.
What is a pseudocoelom?
Body cavity between the endoderm(digestive) and mesoderm(muscle and circulatory) tissues
Identify the class of chordates for the following:
Great Horned OWL – AVES
Tiger Salamander – Amphibia
Timber Rattle Snake – Reptilia
Ornate Box Turtle – Reptilea
Walleye – Osstichthyes
White-tailed deer - mammalia