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Plastic material basics
Chemistry Ways to classify What else than polymer in plastics Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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Are all plastics the same?
Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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Features of plastics Light Flexible Impact resistance
Good corrosion resistance Good chemical resistance Easy to form Good insulator bad conductor Does not stand high temperatures Creep Cracking by tension Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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Ways to classify plastics
Thermosets / thermoplastics /elastomers Commodity polymers / engineering polymers / high performance polymers Synthetic plastics / natural plastics Expensive high performance polymers Price engineering polymers Cheap Commodity polymers Amorphous Crystalline (Elastomeres) Thermoplastics Thermosets Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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Polymer Mineral oil = carbon + hydrogen + Silicone oxide
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Plastics Polymer Fillers Additives Reinforcements Pigments
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Polymer Addition polymerization Pressure Heat catalyst
Condensation polymerization Water breaks out from joint Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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Length of molecule =>mol mass
Methane CH4 gas Pentane C5H12 fluid Solid paraffin Wax Plastics e.g. PE - LD Entanglement and molecular weight increases to the right Strength increases to the right Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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Amorphous plastics Can be transparent Small shrinkage
Poor chemical strength PS, PVC, PC, PMMA Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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Crystalline polymer Wear resistant Big shrinkage
Good chemical strength PE, PP, PET Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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Chemical bond Secondary bond (weak) covalent bond(strong)
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Thermoplastics Straight chains From chain to an other weak force Melts
Reformable Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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Thermosets Cross links Does not melt by adding heat
Good heat resistance Good mechanical strength Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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Fillers over 10% Expense reduction Smaller shrinkage calcite talc
kaoline Glass balls Carbon Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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Colour pigments Effects on plastics properties
Natural colour of polymer Master batch, pasta, liquid and powder Less than 0,1 % in a product Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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Additives From fractions of % to some % Softeners Lubricates
UV-resistance Combustion modifiers Blowing agents Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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Reinforcements Glass fibre Carbon fibre Aramid fibre (Kevlar)
Natural fibres Cellulose Hemp Linen Cotton Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo
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