1. POETRY

2. Directions:
Copy the definitions and examples from this presentation onto your “Elements of Poetry” packet.
Write neatly, as you do not have a lot of space; feel free to shorten the longer definitions as long as you do not lose any essential information.
You will need this packet to analyze poems and study for assessments in the future, so take good care of it!

3. Structure and Meter
Poems consist of lines that may be organized into groups called stanzas. Meter is the rhythmic pattern establish by stresses or best within each line of a poem. Meter is measured in units called feet.

4. RHYME
Is the repetition of vowel and consonant sounds at the end of words
Ex: proud and allowed
Write down your own example!

5. The repetition of identical sounds at the ends of lines of poetry.
END RHYME
The repetition of identical sounds at the ends of lines of poetry.

6. “He clasps the crag with crooked hands
END RHYME
“He clasps the crag with crooked hands
Close to the sun in lonely lands”
from “The Eagle” by Alfred Lord Tennyson

7. The repetition of identical sounds within a line of poetry.
INTERNAL RHYME
The repetition of identical sounds within a line of poetry.

8. “We three shall flee across the sea to Italy.” OR
INTERNAL RHYME
“We three shall flee across the sea to Italy.” OR
“Hold infinity in the palm of your hand
And eternity in an hour.”

9. SLANT RHYME
A slant rhyme or half rhyme occurs when the vowel sounds are not quite identical.

10. “And on that cheek and o’er that brow” A mind at peace with all below”
SLANT RHYME
“And on that cheek and o’er that brow”
A mind at peace with all below”

11. Rhyme Scheme Pattern of end rhymes in a poem Ex: Roses are red
Violets are Blue
I am awesome
And so are you!
(Rhyme scheme =ABCB)

12. Couplet
A pair of rhyming lines usually of the same meter and length. It usually expresses a single idea and functions as a complete stanza
Ex:
So long as men can breath, or eyes can see,
So long lives this gives life to thee
-William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18

13. The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words.
ALLITERATION
The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words.

14. “Swiftly, swiftly flew the ship”
ALLITERATION
“Swiftly, swiftly flew the ship”

15. Assonance and Consonance
Assonance- Repetition of vowel sounds within stresses syllables that end in different consonant sounds
Ex: We dully trudged along the dusty tunnel.
Consonance- Repetition of final consonant sounds in stressed syllables that have different vowel sounds
Ex: The nervous move at every living sound.

16. ONOMATOPOEIA
The use of words whose sounds suggest the sounds made by objects or activities.

17. “Blind eyes could blaze like meteors”
Other examples:
buzz, hum, kiss
ONOMATOPOEIA
“Blind eyes could blaze like meteors”

18. Speaker and Tone
Tone: the attitude projected toward the subject and audience
Formal tone features formal grammar
Informal tone may feature colloquial language (local idioms and slang expressions)
Speaker: serves the same function as the narrator in a story

19. Poetic Language
Poets combine literal and figurative language to generate layers of meaning or to invite a deeper understanding of a subject.

20. Denotation and Connotation
Denotation- a word’s dictionary definition
Connotations-the emotional associations a word evokes
Ex: Car is a neutral word, however…
“Junker” suggests an old, broken down vehicle
“Classic” implies a car worthy of showing off

21. The use of concrete details that appeal to the five senses.
IMAGERY
The use of concrete details that appeal to the five senses.

22. Cold, wet leaves float on moss-colored water.
IMAGERY
Cold, wet leaves float on moss-colored water.

23. Figurative
Language
Language that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect

24. SIMILE
A direct comparison between two basically different things that is introduced by the words “like” or “as”.

25. My love is like a red, red rose.
SIMILE
My love is like a red, red rose.

26. METAPHOR
An implied comparison between two basically different things that is not introduced with the words “like” or “as”.

27. His eyes were daggers that cut right through me.
METAPHOR
His eyes were daggers that cut right through me.

28. PERSONIFICATION
Human characteristics are given to non-human animals, objects, or ideas.

29. The sun kissed the flowers.
PERSONIFICATION
The sun kissed the flowers.

30. A great exaggeration to emphasize strong feeling.
HYPERBOLE
A great exaggeration to emphasize strong feeling.

31. My backpack weighs a ton.
HYPERBOLE
My backpack weighs a ton.

32. A central insight about life revealed through a literary work
THEME
A central insight about life revealed through a literary work

33. THEME
“It is necessary to see life from another’s perspective in order to truly understand him/her.”

34. Poetry without a regular pattern of meter (beat) or rhyme.
FREE VERSE
Poetry without a regular pattern of meter (beat) or rhyme.

35. Formal Verse
Follows established patterns. Each standard poetic form has specific requirements regarding rhyme scheme, meter and line or stanza structure.

36. Narrative Poem
Tells a story and has a plot, characters, and a setting.
Two common types of narrative poems are epic poems and ballads

37. Epic Poem and Ballad
Epic Poem- a long narrative poem about gods or heroes, such as “The Odyssey” by Homer
Ballad- a shorter poem that describes a single event and may be set to music. Most include short stanzas and a refrain that repeats several times, like a chorus in a song.

38. Dramatic Poetry
Tells a story using character’s own thoughts or spoken statements, is a component of many classical play, in these plays noble characters may deliver rhythmic, poetic speeches, while lower-class characters speak in regular prose
Also used to refer to poems in which one or more characters speak

39. Lyric Poetry
Expresses the feelings of a single speaker, using melodic language, imagery, rhythm, and sounds devices to express emotions
Most common poetry in modern language

40. ODE
Poems of praise that often exhibit complex metrical patterns, specific rhyme schemes, and stanzas of ten or more lines each

41. SONNET
A fourteen-line poem, that is divided into three quatrains (rhyming four-line stanzas) and a concluding couplet (pair of rhyming lines) Each quatrain makes a point or gives an example, and the couplet sums it all up.