1. Chapter 4
The Solar System

2. The history In the beginning:
Greek Scientist suggested the earth was the center for the moon, the sun and planets
The earth centered Model

3. The history
In 1543, Polish astronomer, Nicholas Copernicus, Said the moon moves around the earth.
So, it became the Sun centered model.

4. The history Using the same method:
Italian astronomer Galileo Galilee, observed Venus and supported the theory of the sun centered solar system.
He is also know as the "father of modern observational astronomy",
the "father of modern physics",
the "father of science",
and "the Father of Modern Science."
February 15th , 1564 to January 8th ,1642

5. The solar System
There use to be 9 planets, till 2006 Pluto was officially out of the main solar system.
Pluto us considered as a dwarf planet.

6. The solar system

7. The solar System Inner planets Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroid Belt
Ceres

8. Inner Planet
Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest planet in the Solar System
Mercury has no natural satellites, and its only known geological features besides impact craters are lobed ridges, probably produced by a period of contraction early in its history.
Mercury's almost negligible atmosphere consists of atoms blasted off its surface by the solar wind.
Its relatively large iron core and thin mantle have not yet been adequately explained.

9. Inner planet Venus is close in size to Earth
like Earth, has a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere and evidence of internal geological activity.
However, it is much drier than Earth and its atmosphere is ninety times as dense.
Venus has no natural satellites.
It is the hottest planet, with surface temperatures over 400 °C, most likely due to the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
No definitive evidence of current geological activity has been detected on Venus
it has no magnetic field that would prevent depletion of its substantial atmosphere, which suggests that its atmosphere is regularly replenished by volcanic eruptions.

10. Inner planet
Earth
- Errrrr…… Lets skip earth shall we… :P

11. Inner planet Mars Mars is smaller than Earth and Venus.
It possesses an atmosphere of mostly carbon dioxide with a surface pressure of 6.1 millibars.
Its surface, peppered with vast volcanoes
recently as 2 million years ago Its red colour comes from iron oxide (rust) in its soil
Mars has two tiny natural satellites (Deimos and Phobos) thought to be captured asteroids.

12. Other objects in the solar system
Comets
Compose of dust, rock particles and mixed with frozen water, methane and ammonia.
Example: Halley’s comet
i) last seen in 1986
ii) Discovered by Edmund Halley
iii)Takes 76 years for it to orbit the sun

13. Other objects in the solar system
Oort Clouds
Dutch astronomer Jan Oort suggested the idea of large collection of comets lies in a clouds that completely surrounds the solar system.
Located beyond the orbit of Pluto
Comet either escape from the solar system or get capture into smaller orbit.

14. Other objects in the solar system
Comet Hale-Bopp
Discovered by two astronomer
Brightest comet visible from earth in 20 year.
Brightest in March and April 1997.

15. Other objects in the solar system
Structure of comets

16. Other objects in the solar system
Comets vaporize and breakup after passing the sun to many time.
As the comet pass the sun, it will leave a trail of particle behind.

17. Other objects in the solar system
Meteoroid, meteors and meteorites.
Meteoroids: a sand- to boulder-sized particle of debris in the solar system.
Meteor: A meteoroid that burns up in earth’s atmosphere.
Often called a shooting star.

18. Other objects in the solar system
Loose groups of particle within the old orbit of a comet, small particle of rock sometime enter earth atmosphere.
They will burn up by the earth’s atmosphere before it reaches earth.
More meteors than usual are seen entering at one time, the event is called meteor shower.

19. Other objects in the solar system
Asteroids
Pieces of rock similar to the material that form into the planet.
Located at an area between Mars and Jupiter.
It is called the asteroid belt.
The gravity of Jupiter might have kept a planet from forming and kept the rocks there.

20. Other objects in the solar system

21. Other objects in the solar system
Exploring Asteroids
Consist of rocks from small to objects 940 km in diameter.
The NEAR (Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous) Mission
Started on Feb,
A one year mission to gather data on the asteroid belt.
Feb 12, 2001 mission ended by becoming the first space craft to land softly on an asteroid.

22. Other objects in the solar system