1. MILESTONES IN SOFTWARE
Information Systems - Basics of Information
MILESTONES IN SOFTWARE

2. Information Systems - Basics of Information
WHAT IS SOFTWARE ???
Software is a general term which refers to a single program or group of programs that guides the computer at every step what to do next. A computer system uses several packages, one for every type of task if performs.
Software can be categorized into 3 broad categories:
Application Software
System software
Service software.

3. Information Systems - Basics of Information
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Application Software comprises of all the software that cause a computer system to perform useful tasks. Application software may focus on a single-task or it may be an integrated package of software to meet the requirements.
Types of Application Software are:
Application Suite: MS Office including MS Word, MS Excel, MS Powerpoint etc.
Enterprise Software includes Database, Servers and software for managing networks and security, ERP etc.
Accounting Software includes Tally
Desktop Publishing software includes Adobe in design, Adobe pagemaker, Libra office etc.

4. Information Systems - Basics of Information
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Project Management Software
Customer Relationship Management Software
Contact / Data Management software
Database Management software includes MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle, SAP, SQLite, Microsoft SQL Server etc.
Information Worker Software includes , Blog etc.
Content access software includes Media Player, Web browser etc.
Educational Software
Simulation Software
Media development software includes graphic-art software, desktop publishing etc.

5. Information Systems - Basics of Information
SYSTEM SOFTWARE - OS
System Software is set of programs which co-ordinate the operations of various hardware components that are connected system. It acts as an interface between the user and the computer. It makes the operation of a computer system more effective and efficient.
Categorized as:
Operating System manages all the resources of a computer like memory, CPU, I/O devices etc. It is also called as Resource Manager. OS Includes:
Command Based : MS DOS, UNIX, LINUX
Graphical Based: Microsoft Windows, iOS, Android, IBM z/OS etc.

6. SYSTEM SOFTWARE – Language Processor
Information Systems - Basics of Information
SYSTEM SOFTWARE – Language Processor
Language Processor are installed in the system in order to convert the user friendly language into the machine-readable form. These include compilers, interpreters, assemblers and debuggers for various computers programming language.
Evolution of Programming Languages includes:
It refers to numeric machine code
Low level programming Language-Assembly language is considered to be the second generation languages.
Third generation language is their hardware-independence. It includes FORTRAN, BASIC, C family ie C, C++, C#, Java etc.
4GLs includes Visual environment
Fifth Generation Languages (5GLs) includes Lisp, Prolog, Mercury etc.
Web Programming Languages includes ASP.NET, PHP, Perl CGI etc.

7. SYSTEM SOFTWARE – Language Processor
Information Systems - Basics of Information
SYSTEM SOFTWARE – Language Processor
Device Drivers: Device Drivers are hardware dependence-operating system specific programs. Device drivers are computer programs that operate or control particular type of device attached to a computer. Device usually provides the interrupt handling require for any necessary hardware interface.
User Interface: User Interface allows the users to interact with a computer system. It is off two types:
Command Line Interface means interacting with a computer program where the user (or clients) issues commands to the program in front of the form of commands or successive lines of the text.
Graphical User Interface , which has been the most common user interface since 1980s, allows users to interact with electronic devices via graphical icons and visual indicators.

8. Information Systems - Basics of Information
SERVICE SOFTWARE
Utility software are that system software which are designed to help, analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer. Utility software generally focus on how the computer infrastructure including the computer hardware, operating system, application software and data storage operate. Utilities are generally developed by experienced technical persons.
Basic Utility Software are:
Anti-virus software is used for the prevention, detection and removal of malware threats.
Archivers output as a stream or a single file when provided with a directory or a set of files.
Backup Software are computer programs used to perform backup.
Clipboard Mangers expand the clipboard functionality of an operating system.

9. Information Systems - Basics of Information
SERVICE SOFTWARE
Cryptographic utilities are used to encrypt and decrypt stream and files
Data compression utilities involve encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation. These reduce the size of the data file is popularly referred to as data compression.
Screen savers utility programs blank the screen or fill it with moving images or patterns when the computer is not in use.
Other important utilities are:
Data synchronization
File synchronization
Disk Checkers and cleaners
Disk compression, defragmenters, partitioning, space analyzing etc.

10. NEW TRENDS OF DATABASE TECHNOLOGY
Information Systems - Basics of Information
NEW TRENDS OF DATABASE TECHNOLOGY
Database management systems (DBMSs) are specially designed applications that interact with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyses data. New trends / Research areas of Databases technology includes: -
In memory database
Data warehousing
Deductive databases
Distributed Databases
Embedded databases
Probabilistic Database
Parallel Database
Spatial Database
Object Oriented Database

11. LATEST TRENDS IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Information Systems - Basics of Information
LATEST TRENDS IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Cloud Computing is going to rule the coming years, it has helped business to make the processes simple and flexible.
Mobile technology is on the rising side. More and more people are using mobile technology to perform various tasks to keep the pace with the rapidly changing world.
Agile Methodology helps the developers building a software application from scratch or solving same critical issues of software application.
Unit testing is another trend getting momentum
Modern Scripting Language includes Python, ruby Groovy or Next Big Shot
Document oriented databaseincludes Mango DB and Couch DB.
Functional Language includes Erlang, which is for starters-easy to learn and use, Haskell or Ocaml are for serious users.
More recent milestones in computing industry includes grid computing, parallel computing and green computing.