1. …and the control of movement.
The Nervous System- Ch. 6
…and the control of movement.

2. How does the Nervous System facilitate movement?
LEQ:
How does the Nervous System facilitate movement?

3. Human Movement Body Systems Involved in Movement:
Bones, Muscles, and Joints
But what control these movements?
The Nervous System-
Gathers information
Stores information
Processes information
Responds to information

4. The Nervous System:
Gathers information about conditions affecting the body, both external and internal
Analyzes the information and decides on a response
Comprised of several interrelated subsystems (2 Components)

5. Two Components The Central Nervous System
Made up of the brain and spinal cord
The Peripheral Nervous System
Controls other bodily functions
Ex: heart beat, digestive system, muscular control (both involuntary and voluntary)

6. Two Components of the N.S.:

7. The CNS: The Spinal Cord
Main pathway for information connecting the brain and the peripheral nervous system
Acts as a “bridge”
17-18 inches in length
Thicker at its superior and inferior ends
Sends sensory information towards the CNS and away from the CNS

8. The Central Nervous System:
The Brain
Main control center of the body (computer or engine of the body)
Sends commands to the body
Controls emotions
Constantly receiving, interpreting, and sending signals and information

10. With your partner: On page 95 & 96 in the book:
Make a poster describing one of the 6 areas of the brain.
Include the FUNCTION
Include examples of what it controls in the body
Include a picture of the area in the brain (use health book pg. 518)
Be able to present to the class (class will use information on a worksheet)

11. Functions of the brain:
Cerebrum-
Controls sensory & motor activities and is the center of emotions
Cerebellum
Coordinates muscle movement & balance
Brain Stem
Links to the spinal cord and controls autonomic function and postural control

12. Functions of the brain:
Diencephalon
Consists of the thalamus & hypothalamus
Relays sensory stimuli and awareness of pain
Controls body temperature & appetite
Limbic System
Controls hunger, aggression, & emotional drives
Reticular Activation System
Directs information to appropriate centers for interpretation
Maintains consciousness

13. Nervous System Videos:
Pinky and The Brain Sing
School House ROCK

14. The Peripheral Nervous System:
Consists of parts outside the CNS (outside the brain and spinal cord)
12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Each pair has
motor nerves (efferent nerves) that carry information from the CNS
sensory nerves (afferent nerves) that carry information to the CNS

15. Cranial and Spinal Nerves:

16. The Autonomic Nervous System:
Regulates involuntary muscles (cardiac and smooth)
Causes our bodies to adjust to changes
Ex: sweating, increased heart rate

17. 2 branches of the Autonomic Nervous System:
Sympathetic- prepares body for emergencies
Release of adrenaline, increase of heart rate, widening of blood vessels.
Fight or flight
Parasympathetic- helps return the body back to normal
Decreases heart rate

18. The Somatic Nervous System:
Regulates voluntary muscles (skeletal)
Receives and processes information from receptors in the skin, muscles, tendons, joints
Gives us sensation of touch, pain, heat, cold, balance, muscle action

19. How does muscle fiber know how much to contract, when to relax, or how to coordinate with other muscles?
Special receptors called PROPRIOCEPTORS- provide sensory info about the state of muscle contraction, position of body limbs, posture and balance

20. Proprioceptors
Golgi tendon organs- (GTOs) positioned to detect increased tension exerted on the tendon, and to protect against excessive tension.
Muscle Spindles- sends signals to the spinal cord about changes in muscle length, and helps maintain muscle contraction.
Involved in reflex contractions (Patella Reflex)

21. Review: What are the four FUNCTIONS of the Nervous System?
Collects Information
Stores Information
Processes Information
Uses Information to signal action

22. Anatomy Review: What are the THREE bones in the arm?
Circle the bone that is located on the thumb side of the arm.
Identify the type
of nerve A and B are:
Motor (Efferent Nerve)
Sensory (Afferent Nerve)

23. Spinal Cord Injuries:
Caused by damage to the spinal cord and may result from
direct injury to the cord itself
indirectly from damage to surrounding bones, tissue, or blood vessels
Can result from motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries, gunshot wounds, or assault.

24. Spinal Cord Injuries:
Minor spinal cord injury can occur when the spine is weakened

25. Spinal Cord Injuries:
Reflex testing is used to diagnose spinal cord injuries
Weak, exaggerated, or absent reflex responses may indicate a problem
Reflex testing is also used to test for serious brain injuries

26. Spinal Cord Injuries:
31 pairs of spinal nerves flowing from the spinal cord
When the spinal cord is injured, the damage to the spine affects its ability to send impulses

27. Spinal Cord Injuries:
Where there is serious injury to the spinal cord, the nerves above the injury keeps working
Paraplegic- injury prevents movement in the legs, but not the arms.
Quadriplegic- injury prevents movement of both arms and legs.

28. The Spinal Cord:

29. Head Injuries:
Concussion- results from a blow, shaking the brain within the skull, and causes injury to nerve fibers.
May be mild or severe
Do not have to be hit to suffer a concussion

30. Head and Spinal Injuries: Pg. 104-107
Describe the two scans that are used to detect and diagnose health problems. What kind of technology is being used/how do they work?
Symptoms of concussions:
1.What are 3 changes in behavior?
2. What are 2 things a person may be unaware of?
3. What are 4 other symptoms or feelings?