1. National Incident Management System
Law Enforcement II

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3. Key Terms
Critical Infrastructure − systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination of those matters (42 USC §5195c)

4. Key Terms (continued)
Key Resources − publicly or privately controlled resources essential to the minimal operations of the economy and government (6 USC §101)
Terrorist Threat − terrorist attacks against the critical infrastructure and key resources (CIKR) across the US that could seriously threaten national security, result in mass casualties, weaken the economy, and damage public morale and confidence (National Infrastructure Protection Plan, 2009)

5. Critical Infrastructure Sectors
Chemical Sector
Healthcare and Public Health Sector
Commercial Facilities Sector
Communications Sector
Information Technology Sector
Critical Manufacturing Sector
Dams Sector
National Monuments and Icons Sector
Defense Industrial Base Sector
Emergency Services Sector
Nuclear Reactors, Materials and Waste Sector
Energy Sector
Financial Services Sector
Postal and Shipping Sector
Food and Agriculture Sector
Transportation Systems Sector
Government Facilities Sector
Water and Wastewater Systems Sector

6. Chemical Sector An integral part of our economy
Employees nearly 1 million people
Earns over $600 billion a year
Can be divided into five main segments
Basic chemicals
Specialty chemicals
Agricultural chemicals
Pharmaceuticals
Consumer products

7. Chemical Sector (continued)
Its facilities are usually privately owned, requiring the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to work closely with the private sector and its industry associations to
Set goals and objectives
Identify assets
Assess risks
Prioritize needs
Implement protective programs

8. Commercial Facilities Sector
Operates on the principle of open public access
Usually privately owned and operated
Consists of the following eight subsectors
Public Assembly
Sports Leagues
Gaming
Lodging
Outdoor Events
Entertainment and Media
Real Estate
Retail

9. Communications Sector
An integral part of our economy, underlying the operations of all businesses, public safety organizations, and government
Evolved from a voice service provider to a complex industry that uses interconnected terrestrial, satellite, and wireless transmission systems
Companies often share facilities and technology to ensure interoperability
Mostly owned and protected by the private sector

10. Critical Manufacturing Sector
Critical to US economic prosperity
Makes up 13% of the US Gross Domestic Product
Employs about 11.7 million US citizens
An attack on this sector could disrupt functions at the national level and across many critical infrastructure sections

11. Critical Manufacturing Sector (continued)
Identified the following core industries
Primary Metal Manufacturing
Machinery Manufacturing
Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
Focuses on the identification, assessment, prioritization, and protection of nationally significant manufacturing industries within the sector that may be susceptible to manmade and natural disasters

12. Dams Sector Includes Dam projects Hydropower generation facilities
Navigation locks
Levees
Dikes
Hurricane barriers
Mine tailings and other industrial waste impoundments
Other similar water retention and control facilities

13. Dams Sector (continued)
Provides a wide range of benefits including
Hydroelectric power
River navigation
Water supply
Wildlife habitat
Waste management
Flood control
Recreation

14. Defense Industrial Base Sector
The worldwide industrial complex that enables research and development, as well as design, production, delivery, and maintenance of military weapons systems, subsystems, and components or parts, to meet US military requirements
Includes the Department of Defense (DOD), government, and private sector
More than 100,000 companies (foreign and domestic) and subcontractors work for the DOD
Provides products and services that are essential to mobilize, deploy, and sustain military operations
Does not include the commercial infrastructure of providers of services (i.e. power, communications, transportation)

15. Emergency Services Sector
A system of prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery elements
The first line of defense from
Terrorist attacks
Manmade incidents
Natural disasters
The primary protector for all critical infrastructure sectors
Has the primary mission to save lives, protect property and the environment, assist communities impacted by disasters, and aid recovery from emergencies
Functions at the state, local, tribal, and territorial levels

16. Emergency Services Sector (continued)
Defined by the following disciplines
Law Enforcement
Fire and Emergency Services
Emergency Management
Emergency Medical Services
Public Works

17. Emergency Services Sector (continued)
Has the following specialized capabilities
Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT)
Search and Rescue (SAR)
Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD)
Special Weapons and Tactics and Tactical Operations (SWAT)
Aviation Units
Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs)

18. Energy Sector
Essential to the functioning of the health, welfare, and economy of the US
Divided into three interrelated segments
Electricity
Petroleum
Natural gas
Relies heavily upon the Transportation Systems Sector because of its dependency on pipelines
Depended upon by all sectors

19. Financial Services Sector
The backbone of the world economy
Primarily owned and operated by private entities
Consists of over 29,000 financial firms
Allows customers to
Deposit funds and make payments to other parties
Provide credit and liquidity to customers
Invest funds for both long and short periods
Transfer financial risks between customers
Operates to
Provide customers the financial products they want
Ensure the institution’s financial integrity
Protect customers’ assets
Guarantee the integrity of the financial system

20. Food and Agriculture Sector
Responsible for the food and clothing of people in the US
Almost entirely under private ownership
Composed of
An estimated 2.2 million farms
900,000 restaurants
More than 400,000 registered food manufacturing, processing, and storage facilities
Accounts for about one-fifth of US economic activity
Coordinated by the following
The US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

21. Government Facilities Sector
Includes a wide variety of buildings that are
Located in the US and overseas
Owned or leased by federal, state, local, and tribal governments
Open to the public for business activities, commercial transactions, and recreational activities
Not open to the public if they contain highly sensitive information, materials, processes, and equipment

22. Government Facilities Sector (continued)
Includes facilities that are
General-use office buildings
Special-use military installations
Embassies
Courthouses
National laboratories
Structures that may house critical equipment, systems, networks, and functions
Includes cyber elements that contribute to the protection of the sector’s assets

23. Government Facilities Sector (continued)
Includes individuals who
Perform essential functions or
Possess tactical, operational, or strategic knowledge
Has the following subsectors
Education Facilities Subsector
National Monuments and Icons Subsector

24. Healthcare and Public Health Sector
Protects all sectors of the economy from hazards such as terrorism, infectious disease outbreaks, and natural disasters
Mostly owned by private entities, making collaboration essential
Constitutes 17% of the Gross National Product
Operates in all US states, territories, and tribal areas, thus playing a significant role in response and recovery across all other sectors in the event of a natural or manmade disaster

25. Information Technology Sector
Central to the nation’s security, economy, and public health and safety
Depended upon by many entities, including
Businesses
Governments
Academia
Private citizens
Provides hardware, software, and information technology systems and services in collaboration with the Communications Sector – the Internet

26. National Monuments and Icons Sector
Physical structures
Includes the operational staff and visitors
Has many of its assets listed in either the National Register of Historic Places or the List of National Historic Landmarks
Owned by the Federal Government
Has minimal cyber and telecommunications issues
Three common characteristics of each structure
A monument, physical structure, or object
Recognized (nationally and internationally) to represent the nation or recognized for their significance
Memorialize or represent significant aspects of our nation
Committed to protecting our nation’s symbols for future generations

27. Nuclear Reactors, Materials and Waste Sector
Accounts for approximately 20% of the nation’s electrical generation provided by 104 commercial nuclear reactors
Includes
Nuclear power plants
Non-power nuclear reactors used for research, testing, and training
Manufacturers of nuclear reactors or components
Radioactive materials used primarily in medical, industrial, and academic settings
Nuclear fuel cycle facilities
Decommissioned nuclear power reactors
The transportation, storage, and disposal of nuclear and radioactive waste

28. Postal and Shipping Sector
An integral part of the US economy
Employs more than 1.8 million people
Earns more than $217 billion per year
Focuses on small- and medium-sized packages
Sector-specific assets include
Over 400 high-volume automated processing facilities
Over 40,000 local delivery units
Many and various collection, acceptance, and retail operations
Over 50,000 transport vehicles (i.e. vans, trucks, tractor trailers, and aircraft)
Information and communications networks
Depended upon by every sector to deliver time-sensitive letters, packages, and other shipments

29. Transportation Systems Sector
Moves people and goods
Consists of the following subsectors
Aviation
Highway Infrastructure and Motor Carrier
Maritime Transportation System
Mass Transit and Passenger Rail
Pipeline Systems
Freight Rail

30. Water and Wastewater Systems Sector
Supervised by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) who consults with the DHS and the EPA’s Water Sector partners
Vulnerable to attacks including
Contamination with deadly agents
Physical attacks
Release of toxic gaseous chemicals
Cyber attacks
Protects from a potentially large number of illnesses and casualties
Protects from a denial of service that could impact public health and economic vitality

31. Protection Techniques
Assessing vulnerabilities, implementing protective programs, and improving security protocols
Enhancing preparedness through training and exercises
Assisting with contingency planning, response, and recovery
Implementing real-time information sharing
Implementing cyber-security measures
Assisting with infrastructure data collection and management
Implementing regulations for high-risk chemical facilities
Developing standards for federal building security

32. National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) 2009
Provides a unifying structure for the integration of a wide range of efforts for the enhanced protection and resiliency of the nation's CIKR into a single, national program
Has the goal to build a safer, more secure, and more resilient America by preventing, deterring, neutralizing, or mitigating the effects of deliberate efforts by terrorists to destroy, incapacitate, or exploit elements of our nation's CIKR and to strengthen national preparedness, timely response, and rapid recovery of CIKR in the event of an attack, natural disaster, or other emergency

33. Resources
US Department of Homeland Security
Critical Infrastructures: What Makes an Infrastructure Critical? (2003)
Presidential Decision Directive/NSC-63
FEMA, IS-860.a National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP)
United States Code Title 42 Chapter 68 Subchapter IV-B §5195c (42 USC §5195c)