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NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS
7 NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS Senses & Perception
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“People see the world differently”
Sensing NM3413 AUDIENCE ANALYSIS CULTURE “People see the world differently” People differ culturally in... how they physiologically experience the world or how they interpret what they experience?
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Senses and Perceptions Sensation is the neurological process by which we become aware of our environment. Perception is when one is aware of something through senses NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE
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Sensing and Perception
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Nisbett (2003) has demonstrated that humans sense and perceive the world in ways unique to their environments.
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Sensation NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE
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Sensing Differences in the environment and culture affected sensation.
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Differences in the environment and culture affected sensation.
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Sensing Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste Touch
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Sensing Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste Touch 25% of what we see will be processing in our brain: more than any other senses 20% of what is available to be seen is lost or distorted in transit to the human brain. On a dark night, you could even see a candle flame flickering up to 30 mi. (48 km) away. Eyes = second most complex organ We see different things, memorise different things
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Sensing Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste Touch Eyes = second most complex organ
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Sensing Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste Touch Has a workably conscious sound spectrum covering a range from 20 to 20,000 Hertz– roughly 10 octaves Plus partly conscious “sensing” of higher and lower frequencies Absolute threshold varies from person to person, changes with age, and is largely dependent on the frequency of the noise being perceived. Absolute threshold : the smallest detectable level of a stimulus.
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Sensing NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Prolonged exposure to any sound reaching 80 decibels can cause hearing loss, but instantaneous hearing loss can occur at 120 decibels, which is the equivalent of sitting in front of speakers at a rock concert. At 140 decibels, the equivalent of a jet engine or a gunshot, hearing loss and actual pain can occur.
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Sensing Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste Touch Everyone has a unique odor identity Can differentiate among about 5, ,000 different smells down to a threshold of stimulation of as little as 400 molecules of a substance. Smell is a less reliable human sense. Receptors are each encoded with a unique gene; if you lack a gene, then you lack the ability to detect that smell. People often link smells to events from the past as a conditioned response A woman's sense of smell is heightened during pregnancy
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Sensing Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste Touch Has about 10,000 differentiated taste sensations in relation to the basic sensations of bitter, salty, sour, and sweet. “Umami” is best described as “savoriness” 80% of what we experience as taste is actually smell
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Sensing Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Our Senses and Their Limitations Sight Hearing Smell Taste Touch Of all human senses, touch, especially as related to pain, temperature, and pressure, relates most directly to automatic, reflex-arc reactions. Virtually all these sensations lead to responses initiated before the brain consciously begins to react. There are approximately 5 million touch receptors in our skin in a finger tip reflex arc the circuit traveled by impulses producing a reflex action: receptor organ, afferent nerve, nerve center, efferent nerve, effector organ in a muscle;
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Sensing Effect of Culture on Sensing
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Effect of Culture on Sensing Kitayama, Duffy, Kawamura, and Larsen (2003) Experiment European Americans The original stimulus The absolute task 9 inches Japanese 3 inches The relative task
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Perception Human perception is usually thought of as a three-step process of selection, organization, and interpretation Each of these steps is affected by culture. NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE
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Perceiving The Three-step Process Selection Organization
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE The Three-step Process Selection Organization Interpretation
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Perceiving The Three-step Process Selection
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE The Three-step Process Selection We don’t consciously see any object unless we are paying direct, focused attention on that object. When we need something, have an interest in it, or want it, we are more likely to sense it out of competing stimuli.
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Perceiving The Three-step Process: Selection CULTURE
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE The Three-step Process: Selection
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Perceiving The Three-step Process Selection
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE The Three-step Process Selection Japanese/English Difficulties with Speech sound -Vowel length: obasan aunt obaasan grandmother -Double consonants: shita did shitta new -Accent: kaki oyster kaki persimmon -Pitch: hashi bridge hashi chopsticks hashi edge of a table
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Perceiving The Three-step Process Organization
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE The Three-step Process Organization Along with selecting stimuli from the environment, you must organize them in some meaningful way.
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Perceiving The Three-step Process: Organisation CULTURE
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE The Three-step Process: Organisation
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Perceiving The Three-step Process Organization English red orange
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE The Three-step Process Organization English red orange yellow green blue purple Shona cipsuka cicena citema Bassa ziza hui
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Perceiving The Three-step Process Organization CULTURE
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE The Three-step Process Organization
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Perceiving The Three-step Process Interpretation
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE The Three-step Process Interpretation This refers to attaching meaning to sense data and is synonymous with decoding.
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Perceiving The Three-step Process Interpretation CULTURE
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE The Three-step Process Interpretation
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Perceiving The Three-step Process Interpretation CULTURE
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE The Three-step Process Interpretation
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Perceiving The Three-step Process Interpretation CULTURE
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE The Three-step Process Interpretation
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Satir Model Understanding human’s mind And human’s behaviour
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Satir Transformational Systemic Therapy Understanding human’s mind And human’s behaviour
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Satir Model Virginia Satir 1916 - 1988 CULTURE
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Virginia Satir
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Satir Model At which level can we reach our audience? CULTURE
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE At which level can we reach our audience?
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Satir Model Satir Transformational SystemicTherapy CULTURE
NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE Satir Transformational SystemicTherapy
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Satir Model NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE
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Satir Model NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS CULTURE
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NM3420 AUDIENCE CONTEXT ANALYSIS
CULTURE Reference: Jandt, Fred E. An Introduction to Intercultural Communication: Identities in a Global Community. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2010. Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). dx.doi.org/ /
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