1. Non-Communicable Diseases

2. Non-Communicable Diseases
Disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment
Cardiovascular Disease is one of the most common and preventable diseases

3. Cancer Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
More than 100 types
Occurs because of DNA damage
A buildup can cause a tumor
Abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body

4. Types of Tumors 2 types: benign and malignant
Benign - grows slowly and is noncancerous but could interfere with normal body functions
Malignant - spreads to other tissues and is cancerous
Metastasis - spread of a cancer from one organ or part to another non-adjacent organ or part

6. Types of Cancer Lymphomas – affect immune system
Leukemias – affect blood-forming organs
Carcinomas – affect glands and body linings
including skin
Sarcomas – affect connective tissues

7. Common Cancers Women – Breast Lung Colorectal Cancer of the Uterus
Prostate
Order for both men and women can change based upon race/ethnicity

8. General Signs and Symptoms
Unexplained weight loss
10 or more pounds in a relatively short amount of time
Fever
Usually occurs after the cancer has spread to other parts
Fatigue
Does not get better with rest
Pain
Can be an early symptom with certain cancers or a later symptom with cancers that have spread
Skin changes
Discoloration, rashes
Some cancers have more specific signs and symptoms

9. Risk Factors for Cancer
Exposure to carcinogens (cancer-causing substance)
Tobacco and UV light are most common
Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain at least 43 different carcinogens
215,000 new cases of lung cancer related to smoking are diagnosed each year
Radiation (UV light)
Skin that is tanned is your skin’s reaction to damage from the UV light

10. Risk Factors for Cancer
STD’s
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer
Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer
Dietary Factors
High fat, low fiber diets often linked with colon, breast, and prostate cancers
Heredity
Family history can determine if you are at a higher risk

11. Treatments for Cancer Surgery to remove cancerous masses
Radiation therapy uses radioactive substances to kill cancer cells and shrink cancerous masses
Chemotherapy uses chemicals to destroy cancer cells
Immunotherapy activates a person’s immune system to recognize specific cancers and destroy them
Hormone therapy uses medicines to interfere with the production of certain hormones that facilitate cancer growth.

12. Diabetes
Type 1 and Type 2
A chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert sugar into energy
Insulin producing cells in the Pancreas are either inefficient or destroyed
Insulin helps glucose enter body cells
Type 1 accounts for 5 – 10% of all diabetes cases
Body fails to produce insulin and glucose builds up in the blood
Cells begin attacking and destroying cells in the pancreas that produce insulin
Daily doses of insulin are required through injections or a specially attached pump

13. Diabetes Type 2 accounts for 90-95% of all cases
Usually appears in adults over age 40
Disease is developing in younger adults, teens, and children
Body is unable to use insulin properly or is not making enough
Low-fat, low-calorie foods rich in protein and limited in carbohydrates and regular physical activity help manage diabetes

14. Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes
High blood pressure
High blood triglyceride (fat) levels
Gestational diabetes or giving birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds
High-fat and carbohydrate diet
High alcohol intake

15. Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes
Sedentary lifestyle
Obesity or being overweight
Ethnicity: Certain groups, such as African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Japanese Americans, have a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes than non-Hispanic whites.
Aging: Increasing age is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes begins to rise significantly at about age 45, and rises considerably after age 65.

16. Complications from Diabetes
Blood-glucose levels that are elevated (hyperglycemia) over a long period of time can lead to:
Heart Attack
Stroke
Blindness
Kidney Failure
Nerve Damage

17. Hypoglycemia Too low of a blood-glucose level
Symptoms occur very quickly
Shakiness
Nervousness or anxiety
Sweating, chills and clamminess
Lightheadedness or dizziness
Rapid/fast heartbeat
Hunger and nausea
Blurred/impaired vision
Tingling or numbness in the lips or tongue
Weakness or fatigue
Lack of coordination
Unconsciousness
Irritability or impatience
Confusion, including delirium
Headaches
Anger, stubbornness, or sadness
Nightmares or crying out during sleep
Seizures
Coma

18. Treatments for Diabetes
Low-fat, low-calorie foods rich in protein and limited in carbohydrates and regular physical activity help manage diabetes
Insulin injections help manage blood glucose levels
There is no cure but weight loss has shown to greatly manage symptoms