1. Noncommunicable Diseases (Lifestyle Diseases)
Cardiovascular Diseases, Cancer, Diabetes,Allergies

2. Noncommunicable disease
A disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment
A disease caused by how you live your life

3. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)
A disease that affects the heart or blood vessels
Approximately 61 million Americans have a CVD
CVDs are responsible for 40% of all deaths in the US = almost 1 million Americans
If you are reading this say “Yo!”

4. Types of Cardiovascular Diseases
Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Diseases of the Heart

5. Hypertension High blood pressure
Can damage heart, blood vessels, and other body organs
Can occur at any age, but more common for people over the age of 35
23% of Americans age have hypertension
“silent killer” – no symptoms at early stages
Get BP checked regularly
Management
Medication, weight management, adequate physical activity, proper nutrition

6. Atherosclerosis
The process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls
Build up of plaque causes arteries to thicken and lose their elasticity
Clots can form from plaque
If blood flow is stopped to the heart = heart attack
If blood flow is blocked to the brain = stroke

7. Heart Attack Blood flow is blocked to the coronary arteries
Many are sudden and cause intense chest pain
Common symptoms
Pressure, fullness, squeezing, or aching in the chest area
Discomfort spreading to the arms, neck, jaw, upper abdomen, and back
Chest discomfort with shortness of breath, lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, and vomiting
Other symptoms
Immediate response and treatment is needed to treat a heart attack

8. Congestive Heart Failure
Heart gradually weakens
Can result from high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, heart valve defect, or other factors
Strategies for prevention – healthy lifestyle and sometime medication

9. Stroke Arterial blockage interrupts the flow of blood to the brain
Severity of stroke depends on which part of the brain lost blood

10. Why am I at risk?
The decisions you make now will affect your health later in life.
Symptoms may not show up for years

11. Risk Factors for CVDs Controllable Tobacco Use High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
Sedentary Lifestyle
Excessive Weight
Stress
Drug and Alcohol Use
Uncontrollable
Heredity
Gender
Age

12. Diabetes
A chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy

13. Symptoms of Diabetes Frequent urination Excessive thirst
Unexplained weight loss
Extreme hunger
Sudden vision changes
Tingling in hands or feet
Frequent fatigue
Very dry skin
Sores that are slow to heal
More infections than usual

14. Type 1 Diabetes
The body does NOT make insulin – glucose builds up in the body (high glucose levels)
Autoimmune disease – a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissues, and organs of a person’s own body
Must take insulin

15. Type 2 Diabetes Noncommunicable Disease
Linked with obesity and a diet high in fat, calories, and cholesterol
Accounts for 90-95% of all diabetes
The body is unable to make enough insulin or use insulin properly
Treatment
Weight management, regular physical activity, and monitoring their diet

16. Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
Cancer
Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells

17. Cancer Vocabulary
Tumor – abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body
Benign – non-cancerous
Malignant – cancerous
Metastasis – the spread of cancer from the point where it originated to other parts of the body

18. Risk factors for Cancer
Tobacco use
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Dietary Factors
Radiation

19. Detecting Cancer Self-examinations
Biopsy – the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination

20. Skin Cancer - ABC's

21. CAUTION C – Change in bowel habits A – A sore that does not heal
U – Unusual bleeding or discharge
T – Thickening or a lump
I – Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O – Obvious change in a wart or mole
N – Nagging cough or horseness

22. Treating Cancer Surgery Radiation therapy Chemotherapy
Remission – a period of time when symptoms disappear

23. Alzheimer’s Disease
Destroys brain cells, causing problems with memory, thinking and behavior severe enough to affect work, lifelong hobbies or social life.
Your brain works like a factory
take in supplies, generate energy, construct equipment and get rid of waste
keeping everything running requires coordination as well as large amounts of fuel and oxygen
In Alzheimer’s disease, parts of the cell’s factory stop running well
But just like a real factory, backups and breakdowns in one system cause problems in other areas.
The most common form of dementia
Has no current cure

24. Asthma & Allergies

25. What is Asthma?
Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway, making breathing difficult
Usually reversible, but not yet curable
Can be fatal
Not contagious
Not the same as allergies

26. Should You Be Concerned?
More than 22 million people in the U.S. have asthma, this includes about 6.7 million children
Asthma is a leading reason for
school absenteeism.

27. What Happens During an Asthma Episode?
Breathing tubes swell up
Muscles around these tubes tighten
Tubes make large amounts of a thick fluid called mucus

28. Warning Signs of an Asthma Episode
Coughing
Wheezing
Chest tightness
Shortness of Breath

29. When Having a Severe Asthma Episode
Go to the emergency room right away
Signs of a severe episode
Rescue or inhaler medicine doesn’t help within 15 minutes
Person’s lips or fingernails are blue
Person has trouble walking or talking due to shortness of breath

30. Asthma Triggers
Pollen
Dander
Mold
Dust
Secondhand Tobacco Smoke

31. Other Common Asthma Triggers
Cleaning products like furniture polish or dusting sprays
Personal care products like hair spray or perfume
Flu, Colds

32. What are Allergies?
An unusual reaction to something, like a food or a plant, which is normally harmless.
40 to 50 million people have allergies.
Breathing can be difficult.

33. Common Signs of Allergies
Stuffy or runny nose
Itching
A rash

34. Common Allergens
An allergen is something that causes allergy signs or allergic reaction.
Many of the asthma triggers
can also cause allergic
reactions in people who
don’t have allergies.

35. Some Other Common Allergens
Foods
Medicine
Insect Stings and bites
Contact allergens

36. Controlling Asthma & Allergies
Know your triggers
Healthy Housekeeping
Keep Down Dust Mites
Pets
Check Appliances
Smoking
Mold
Control Other Pests