1. Applıcatıon of a novel sustaınabIlIty assessment procedure for smart cITIes In Soma dIstrIct, Turkey

2. 1. Procedure for assessment of the existing building stock renovation
Buildings of the demonstration district are owned by SOMA Electricity Generation
& Trading Joint Stock Company and being used for its personnel.
Site has m2 land area that include 82 blocks with a total of 346 apartments, 2 guest houses and 1 convention center.
In total, 64,971 m2 gross area in which, 41,158 m2 corresponds to the conditioned area.

3. 1. Procedure for assessment of the existing building stock renovation
The building blocks are;
- Residential building blocks
- Guest house & Single lodging
- Convention center
Total 59,297 m2 gross area
36,257 m2 conditioned area
Total 3,028 m2 gross area
2,470 m2 conditioned area
Total 2,646 m2 gross area
2,431 m2 conditioned area
Duplex;
8 building blocks, total;
1733 m2 gross area
1477 m2 conditioned area
Guest house&Single lodging,
2 building blocks, total;
3028 m2 gross area
2470 m2 conditioned area
1 story;
6 building blocks, total;
2524 m2
gross area
1235 m2
conditioned area
Convention centre, total;
2646 m2 gross area
2431 m2 conditioned area
3 story;
33 building blocks, total;
32535 m2 gross area
20374 m2 conditioned area
2 story;
32 building blocks, total;
22506 m2 gross area
13171 m2 conditioned area

4. 1. Procedure for assessment of the existing building stock renovation
Simulation
All simulations have been done on e-Quest, the Quick Energy Simulation Tool which is based on DOE-2.2 the latest version of DOE-2.
The simulations have been done for three situations for each type of buildings.
The existing conditions of the building
According to TSE 825 which represent Turkish Standards
The proposed interventions for retrofitting

5. 1. Procedure for assessment of the existing building stock renovation
Interventions
Compact fluorescent lamps (1W/m2) have been replaced with LED lamps (0.84 W/m2).
Insulation material has been added to the walls, roof and basement. In this way u- values have been improved.
In proposed retrofitting strategy, Kitchen and bathroom appliances which have G class energy consumption (refrigerator, washing machine and dishwasher) have been replaced with appliances that have A+++ class energy consumption.
Heat has been supplied by waste heat of Soma Thermal Power Plant instead of the existing central heating system.
Solar thermal panels have been installed to the all buildings in the demo site area.
PVs have been installed to the roof of the convention centre and guesthouses
Radiant heating panels have been established to the two blocks which is 3-story firstly
Monitoring devices have been placed to the all buildings in the demo site area.

6. 2. Holistic protocol for the sustainability assessment of the interventions
The proposed methodology/protocol is based on the following six pillars: 1.Energy performance and energy savings, 2. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) procedures potential, 3. Economic issues, such as return of investment and cost effectiveness of the solutions, 4. Quality control of the interventions (BREEAM, LEED, best practices, BIM), 5. Social acceptance, 6. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), in a simplified way.

7. 2. Holistic protocol for the sustainability assessment of the interventions
Two Timing Periods:
Baseline Period:
The period before the intervention, and reporting period, that represents the post-retrofit period. During baseline, the analysis, diagnosis and proposed Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) for retrofitting are the main tasks. In fact, ECMs implementation is the element that splits both periods.
Reporting Period:
The improvements provided by the ECMs and economic impact are evaluated. Moreover, there are two main horizontal components: LCA and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The definition of a complete set of KPIs is a key factor for assessing the demonstrative intervention for holistic point of view.

8. 2. Holistic protocol for the sustainability assessment of the interventions

9. 3. Energy Performance: Measurement & Verification Protocol
Measurement and Verification (M&V) is a well-defined process which reliably verifies the savings in terms of energy, greenhouse gas emissions and costs achieved by an Energy Conservation Measure (ECM).
M&V activities consist of some or all of the following activities:
Meter installation calibration and maintenance.
Data gathering and screening.
Development of a computation method and acceptable estimates.
Computations with measured data.
Reporting, quality assurance, and third party verification of reports

10. 3. Energy Performance: Measurement & Verification Protocol
The implementation of the M&V plans for the calculation of the energy savings in order to verify the renovation projects is addressed by adopting suitable M&V protocols, such as IPMVP, FEMP or ASHRAE. In fact, the main remarked tasks within the protocols are:
Installation, calibration and maintenance of metering equipment.
Collection and analysis of data.
Development of an energy savings calculation method.
Working out the values in terms of energy from the measurements.
Reporting, guaranteeing the quality enough.

11. 3. Energy Performance: Measurement & Verification Protocol
IPMVP is considered as the main node of the protocol as far as the project aim is to achieve thermal energy savings. Then, in the case of CITyFiED, the interactive effects go beyond the interaction from an ECM to the energy consumption.
Option A: Partially Measured Retrofit Isolation
Option B: Retrofit Isolation
Option C: Whole Facility
Option D: Calibrate Simulation
B & C (only for some ECMs)

12. 4. ICT solutions potential
ICT monitoring platform will gather the parameters from various end devices with the minimum requirements in terms of variables, monitoring level, device/meter type, system type, data frequency.

13. 4. ICT solutions potential
The whole system is divided into three main parts: BEMS (Buildings), HEMS (Homes), DEMS (District)
Each has different infrastructure and energy management structure in order to use the Reengen Energy Platform
ICT solutions used for:
Increase the awareness and energy saving continuously just for
Control your system remotely
Report and alarm management of whole buildings

14. 4. ICT solutions potential
Measurement and Communication Infrastructure is connected to the main energy management platform called Reengen Energy IoT Platform through RF based wireless communication and wired Modbus communication.
All the data flow between platform and end devices in realtime for the platform users; residences and technical operators.

15. 5. Economic assessment
The interventions that are going to be implemented to reduce energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in line with CITyFiED objectives within the Soma demo site owned by SEAŞ are summarized below before starting the assessment of the economic analysis.
Building retrofitting investments for Soma demo site are as follows;
Civil works related to the electrical and heating system
Building insulation
Solar thermal domestic hot water system installation
Building integrated PV system

16. 5. Economic assessment Economic Indicators Parameter Unit
Investments [BA1]
∑ Real data (€) for all interventions discounted to year 1 / Floor area of the buildings (m2)
€/m2
Insulation of Buildings
Solar Domestic Hot Water
BIPV investment
Low temperature heating system investment
LED Lighting Installations
District heating system investments
ICT and Monitoring System
ESTIMATED BUDGET (€)
PAYBACK PERIOD
49.903
75.000
4 years and 10 months
6 years and 7 months
10 years and 8 months
21 years and 8 months
1 year and 6 months
13 years and 5 months
13 years and 2 months
Grants [BA2]
∑ Real data (€) for all interventions discounted to year 1 / Floor area of the building (m2)
Total annual costs [BB1]
∑ Real data (€) for all interventions /a
€/yr
Sum of discounted total annual costs [BB2]
∑ Real data (€) for all interventions discounted to year 1 / Floor area of the building (m2)
Net present value [CA3]
∑ Real data (€) discounted cash flow for all interventions €
Internal rate of return [CA4]
r where NPV=0 R
Dynamic payback period [CA5]
Time when the NPV ≥ 0 yr

17. 5. Economic assessment
Most of the retrofitting measures within the Soma demo site are for cost savings and efficiency while others are for cost avoidance.
Cost savings: Building façade, roof and insulations, switching to LED lights instead of halogen or incandescent light bulbs are for energy efficiency and will lead to cost savings. Whereas renewable energy investments like domestic hot water systems and building integrated photovoltaics will produce own energy and will not have to spend on electricity bills at least not as much.
Cost avoidance: Although some interventions will provide energy efficiency and lower energy costs they will also prevent some of the maintenance costs. Renewal of the electricity and heating systems of the buildings will decrease the energy costs by preventing energy loses but also will decrease the maintenance costs as the systems were old and time worn.

18. 6. Quality control of actuations
Quality control must be performed throughout the project, to make sure that the results comply with the relative standards and to prevent faulty/unsatisfactory applications and the cost resulting from the rectification efforts. Approach is compatible with ISO.
Quality Planning
Identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them. Although it usually occurs during planning phase, it can occur during execution if there is a change.
Quality Assurance
Applying the planned, systematic quality activities to ensure that the project employs all processes needed to meet requirement. (e.g. evaluating overall project performance regularly).
Quality Control
Monitoring specific project results to determine whether they comply with relevant quality standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance.

19. 6. Quality control of actuations
Sustainable certification schemes such as LEED, BREEAM, DGNB and etc. can also be used as a tool to facilitate quality control of actuations process.
During the project planning, certification systems can ease the decision making process and identification of the relevant sustainability standards. Throughout the construction process the monitoring and documentation ensures that the results reach the set targets and comply with the standards.

20. 7. Social acceptance Survey-based Methodology
The occupants will be able to live in retrofitted buildings with a district heating system by the summer of By then the delicate situation about privatization will come to an end and it will be possible to do a survey with occupants. Some of the monitoring interventions and LTHS investments are planned till the first months of There will be additional questions about monitoring in the latter survey. There will be a 3rd survey to evaluate the overall perception of the project with the same questions.
Question examples from the survey:
Phase
Delivery of surveys
Reception of surveys
Evaluation of results
1st Phase
September 2016
April 2017
December 2018
2nd Phase
December 2017
3rd Phase
January 2018
August 2018 Nº
Question
Evaluation criteria
Associated KPI 1
Is the timing and organization of the retrofitting is satisfactory?
1 – Badly organized
2 – Not organized
3 – Neutral
4 – Organized
5 – Perfectly organised
OPS 2
Do you feel you have enough information about CITyFiED Project?
1 – Very poor
2 - Poor
3 - Fair
4 - Enough
5 – Satisfactory
ODI

21. 7. Social acceptance Key Performance Indicators
When the KPIs are specified, it is important to consider different aspects of sustainability: social, economic and environmental. In buildings this means, that following aspects need to be considered: Well-being and health of users, Environmental aspects, Energy efficiency, Use of resources (e.g. water and materials), Life cycle cost and value of building.
Category
Indicator
Awareness
Recognition of the existence of the various technologies and services to be generated by the PROJECT
Low (1 point): below 35% recognition of technologies and services
Medium (2 points) : 35-70% recognition
High (3 points) : above 70% recognition
Knowledge of the use of various technologies and services to be generated by the PROJECT
Low (1 point): below 35% knowledge of technologies and services
Medium (2 points) : 35-70% knowledge
High (3 points) : above 70% knowledge
Understanding of the benefits of various technologies and services to be generated by the PROJECT
Low (1 point): below 35% understanding of technologies and services
Medium (2 points) : 35-70% understanding
High (3 points) : above 70% understanding
Participation
Number of users of various technologies and services to be generated by the PROJECT
Low (1 point): below 35% user ratio
Medium (2 points) : 35-70%
High (3 points) : above 70%
Average time spent on using offered services/unit time
5% of free time taken as maximum
Number of user comments
% of total users
Frequency of using
to be determined
User satisfaction measured via developed metrics
Level of trust based on arbitrary metrics
Behaviour
Behaviour change due to the use of a various technologies and services to be generated by the PROJECT based on arbitrary metrics and qualitative description
Impact
Environmental impacts in terms of CO2 emission reduction and resource use as a result of various technologies and services generated by the PROJECT
Economic impact via household energy bills, district common bills ( water/energy)
Direct emissions, electricity, heat, water reductions in relevant units
% lowering of various bills/household

22. 8. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in the Turkish demo site
LCA has been performed consistently through the goal and scope definition of the project. LCA in CITyFiED project will be used to assess the applied interventions into the Turkish demo site. This evaluation is not only about retrofitting actions but also other relevant impact categories from an environmental point of view. The goal and scope definition of the LCA study defined carefully as the first step to handle CITyFiED project environmental assessment. There are some specific requirements for the goal definition in the ISO standards:
Implementations and intended audiences should be described clearly. This is important in terms of ensuring data to make comparisons between two situations, baseline and final situation after CITyFiED project in Turkish demonstrator. Therefore, it will be important to communicate with stakeholders during the execution of project.
The reasons for conducting the study should be described openly.