1. The single most powerful ideology of the nineteenth century was:
20.01 Q
The single most powerful ideology of the nineteenth century was:
nationalism
liberalism
conservativism
socialism
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2. The single most powerful ideology of the nineteenth century was:
nationalism
liberalism
conservativism
socialism
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3. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXPLANATION: The single most powerful ideology of the nineteenth century was:
nationalism
Nationalism proved to be the single most powerful European political ideology of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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4. Ireland Germany Italy All of the above
20.02 Q
During the nineteenth century, nationalists challenged the political status quo in:
Ireland
Germany
Italy
All of the above
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5. Ireland Germany Italy All of the above
During the nineteenth century, nationalists challenged the political status quo in:
Ireland
Germany
Italy
All of the above
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6. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXPLANATION: During the nineteenth century, nationalists challenged the political status quo in:
All of the above
During the nineteenth century, nationalists challenged the political status quo in six major areas of Europe. England had brought Ireland under direct rule in 1800, abolishing the separate Irish Parliament and allowing the Irish to elect members to the British Parliament. German nationalists sought political unity for all German-speaking peoples. Italian nationalists sought to unify Italian-speaking peoples on the Italian peninsula and to drive out the Austrians.
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7. Economic liberals favored:
20.03 Q
Economic liberals favored:
protective tariffs
free trade
price controls
progressive taxation
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8. Economic liberals favored:
protective tariffs
free trade
price controls
progressive taxation
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9. EXPLANATION: Economic liberals favored:
free trade
The economic goals of nineteenth-century liberals also divided them from working people. regulated economies of enlightened absolutists. They wanted to manufacture and sell goods freely. To that end, they favored the removal of international tariffs and internal barriers to trade.
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10. Louis XVIII agreed to a constitution known as the:
20.04 Q
Louis XVIII agreed to a constitution known as the:
Declaration of National Unity
Charter
Code Bourbon
Declaration of Civil Order
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11. Louis XVIII agreed to a constitution known as the:
Declaration of National Unity
Charter
Code Bourbon
Declaration of Civil Order
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12. EXPLANATION: Louis XVIII agreed to a constitution known as the:
Charter
Louis XVIII agreed to become a constitutional monarch, but under a constitution of his own making called the Charter.
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13. Ferdinand VII of Spain initially promised to:
20.05 Q
Ferdinand VII of Spain initially promised to:
reject all attempts to draft a constitution
sever all ties with France
govern according to a written constitution
govern as an absolute monarch
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14. Ferdinand VII of Spain initially promised to:
reject all attempts to draft a constitution
sever all ties with France
govern according to a written constitution
govern as an absolute monarch
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15. EXPLANATION: Ferdinand VII of Spain initially promised to:
govern according to a written constitution
When the Bourbon Ferdinand VII of Spain (r. 1814–1833) was placed on his throne after Napoleon’s downfall, he had promised to govern according to a written constitution. Once in power, however, he ignored his pledge, dissolved the Cortés (the parliament), and ruled alone.
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16. A full-fledged slave rebellion erupted in Haiti in:
20.06 Q
A full-fledged slave rebellion erupted in Haiti in:
1786
1791
1807
1799
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17. A full-fledged slave rebellion erupted in Haiti in:
1786
1791
1807
1799
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18. EXPLANATION: A full-fledged slave rebellion erupted in Haiti in:
1791
In 1791, a full-fledged slave rebellion shook Haiti. It arose as a result of a secret conspiracy among the slaves. François-Dominique Toussaint L’Ouverture (1743?–1803), himself a former slave, quickly emerged as its leader.
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19. In 1821, Simon Bolívar was named president of:
20.07 Q
In 1821, Simon Bolívar was named president of:
Peru
Ecuador
Venezuela
Columbia
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20. In 1821, Simon Bolívar was named president of:
Peru
Ecuador
Venezuela
Columbia
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21. EXPLANATION: In 1821, Simon Bolívar was named president of:
Venezuela
By the summer of 1821, Bolívar’s forces captured Caracas, and he was named president of Venezuela.
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22. In 1822, Dom Pedro became emperor of:
20.08 Q
In 1822, Dom Pedro became emperor of:
Peru
Ecuador
Portugal
Brazil
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23. In 1822, Dom Pedro became emperor of:
Peru
Ecuador
Portugal
Brazil
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24. EXPLANATION: In 1822, Dom Pedro became emperor of:
Brazil
In September 1822, Dom Pedro embraced the cause of Brazilian independence against the recolonizing efforts of Portugal. By the end of the year, he had become emperor of an independent Brazil, which remained a monarchy under his son and successor Dom Pedro II (r. 1831–1889) until 1889.
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25. The Decembrist Revolt was led by:
20.09 Q
The Decembrist Revolt was led by:
junior officers
Russian socialists
leaders of the emerging middle class
angry peasants
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26. The Decembrist Revolt was led by:
junior officers
Russian socialists
leaders of the emerging middle class
angry peasants
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27. EXPLANATION: The Decembrist Revolt was led by:
junior officers
Junior officers had indeed plotted to rally the troops under their command to the cause of reform. On December 26, 1825, the army was to take the oath of allegiance to Nicholas, who was less popular than Constantine and regarded as more conservative. Although the Decembrist Revolt failed completely, it was the first rebellion in modern Russian history whose instigators had had specific political goals.
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28. Nicholas I saw serfdom as:
20.10 Q
Nicholas I saw serfdom as:
a great evil that required immediate action
part of the natural order of society
the basis of Russian prosperity
a great evil, but too dangerous to reform
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29. Nicholas I saw serfdom as:
a great evil that required immediate action
part of the natural order of society
the basis of Russian prosperity
a great evil, but too dangerous to reform
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30. EXPLANATION: Nicholas I saw serfdom as:
a great evil, but too dangerous to reform
In 1842, he Nicholas I told his State Council, “There is no doubt that serfdom, in its present form, is a flagrant evil which everyone realizes, yet to attempt to remedy it now would be, of course, an evil more disastrous.” To remove serfdom would necessarily, in his view, have undermined the nobles’ support of the tsar. So Nicholas turned his back on this and practically all other reforms.
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31. In the French elections of 1830, the liberals:
20.11 Q
In the French elections of 1830, the liberals:
saw their power diminished
suffered an unprecedented defeat
won a stunning victory
were not represented on the ballot
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32. In the French elections of 1830, the liberals:
saw their power diminished
suffered an unprecedented defeat
won a stunning victory
were not represented on the ballot
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33. EXPLANATION: In the French elections of 1830, the liberals:
won a stunning victory
In 1830, Charles X called for new elections, in which the liberals scored a stunning victory.
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34. When Charles X abdicated the French throne, he was succeeded by:
20.12 Q
When Charles X abdicated the French throne, he was succeeded by:
Napoleon III
Louis Napoleon
Louis XIX
Louis Philippe
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35. When Charles X abdicated the French throne, he was succeeded by:
Napoleon III
Louis Napoleon
Louis XIX
Louis Philippe
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36. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXPLANATION: When Charles X abdicated the French throne, he was succeeded by:
Louis Philippe
On August 2, Charles X abdicated and went into exile in England. The Chamber of Deputies named a new ministry composed of constitutional monarchists. In an act that finally ended the rule of the Bourbon dynasty, it also proclaimed Louis Philippe (r. 1830–1848), the duke d’Orléans, the new king instead of the Count de Chambord, the infant grandson of Charles X in whose favor Charles had abdicated.
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37. The Great Reform Bill increased the number of voters by:
20.13 Q
The Great Reform Bill increased the number of voters by:
50 percent
10 percent
10,000 percent
500 percent
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38. The Great Reform Bill increased the number of voters by:
50 percent
10 percent
10,000 percent
500 percent
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39. EXPLANATION: The Great Reform Bill increased the number of voters by:
50 percent
The Great Reform Bill expanded the size of the English electorate, but it was not a democratic measure. It increased the number of voters by more than 200,000, or almost 50 percent.
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40. The Concert of Europe was:
20.14 Q
The Concert of Europe was:
a free trade zone
an arrangement for resolving mutual foreign policy issues
an organization of economic liberals
a term for the cultural flowering of the early nineteenth century
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41. The Concert of Europe was:
a free trade zone
an arrangement for resolving mutual foreign policy issues
an organization of economic liberals
a term for the cultural flowering of the early nineteenth century
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42. EXPLANATION: The Concert of Europe was:
an arrangement for resolving mutual foreign policy issues
At the Congress of Vienna, the major powers—Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Great Britain—had agreed to consult with each other from time to time on matters affecting Europe as a whole. This new arrangement for resolving mutual foreign policy issues was known as the Concert of Europe. It prevented one nation from taking a major action in international affairs without working in concert with and obtaining the assent of the others.
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