1. Te Kura Māori o Porirua Practical Workbook Science
Simple Chemical Reactions
Name:_______________________________
Class:________________________________
Teacher:______________________________

2. Practical 1: - Observing Reactions - How do we know if a chemical reaction is taking place or not?
Introduction
Chemical reactions between elements and compounds are how new substances are made. Chemical reactions can be complicated industrial processes or they can be everyday actions like cooking food and burning fuels.
Chemical changes are different from physical changes of state in some important ways:
In a chemical change, new substances are formed.
In a physical change, the substance stays the same – it just exists in a different form.
Chemical changes are very hard , sometimes impossible, to reverse. You cannot “uncook” a cake or “unburn” a lump of coal.
Physical changes of state are quite easy to reverse. You can melt ice or condense steam to get the water back.
Teacher Demo
Heating Iron Wool
How can you tell that this chemical reaction gives out energy?
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How did the reaction start?
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3. (There should be 3 labelled diagrams)
Practical 1: - Observing Reactions - How do we know if a chemical reaction is taking place or not?
Equipment
Test tube rack
2x test tubes
Plastic cup
Lolly stick
Plaster of paris
Lemon juice
Bicarbonate of soda
Baking powder
Water
Diagram
(There should be 3 labelled diagrams)

4. Reaction between Observations
Method
Collect plastic cup with plaster of Paris inside and a lolly stick.
Add a small amount of water to the plaster of Paris and mix with the lolly stick. DO NOT get this on your hands! Record your observations in the data table.
Collect test tube rack and test tubes.
Add ten drops of lemon juice to the bicarbonate of soda. Record your observations in the data table.
Add ten drops of water to the baking powder. Record your observations in the data table.
Data
Reaction between
Observations
Plaster of Paris and water
Lemon juice and bicarbonate of soda
Baking powder and water

5. Results
(Describing what you observed – make sure you answer the following questions)
In which reactions was it easiest to see that a new substance was made?
What made it easy to observe?
Which reactions gave out heat and which felt cool?
Which reaction was slowest?
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Conclusion
(Go back to the practical question – How do we know if a chemical reaction has taken place? – Can you answer this now using the introduction information and the information from your results?)
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Extension Questions
Finish this sentence: In a chemical reaction new ____________________________.
Make a list of chemical reactions that take place in everyday life ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On mixing 2 solutions in a beaker, the temperature increased. What does this tell us about the change taking place? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Practical 2: - Testing Gases (How can we find out which gas is which?)
Introduction
Before we start to investigate chemical reactions we need to be able to identify if any gas is being given off, and if so, what gas is it. This is because most gases are odourless and invisible.
You will investigate how we test for different gases.
Equipment
Bunsen burner
Test tube rack
Heat proof mat
3x boiling tubes of Oxygen
3x boiling tubes of Carbon Dioxide
3x boiling tubes of Hydrogen
Lots of splints
Diagrams
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3

7. Gas Lighted Splint Glowing Splint Limewater
Method
Set up Bunsen burner on heatproof mat. Make sure the hole is open on the Bunsen burner before lighting it. Make sure the safety flame is on at all times (yellow/orange flame).
One person light a splint. Another person has an Oxygen tube ready. When ready remove the bung off the Oxygen tube and put the lighted splint inside. Record the observations in the data table.
One person light a splint. Another person has an Oxygen tube ready. When ready blow out the splint, remove the bung off the Oxygen tube and put the glowing splint inside. Record the observations in the data table.
One person collects the limewater. Another person has an Oxygen tube ready. When ready remove the bung off the Oxygen tube and put a small amount of limewater inside. Put the bung back on. Record the observations in the data table.
Repeat steps 2 – 4 with the Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide tubes.
Data
Gas
Lighted Splint
Glowing Splint
Limewater
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide

8. Results (Describing what you observed) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Conclusion (Go back to the practical question – How do we find out which gas is which? – Can you answer this now using the introduction information and the information from your results? How would you test for Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide?) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Practical 3: - Investigating metals and acids (What reactions take place when acid is mixed with metal?)
Introduction
Even weak solutions of acids can corrode materials, if given enough time. You will have heard of acid rain. It can attack many metals, and other building materials, that are left exposed to the rain.
You will investigate the chemical reaction between a metal and an acid.
Equipment
Test tube rack
5x test tubes
Hydrochloric Acid
Measuring cylinder
Magnesium
Zinc
Copper
Iron
Calcium
Diagram
Test tubes are quite small but we still need enough acid to react with the metals – what size measuring cylinder should we use: 5ml, 20ml, 50ml or 100ml? Explain your answer _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Metal Observation Gas Test
Method
Set up Bunsen burner on heatproof mat. Make sure the hole is open on the Bunsen burner before lighting it. Make sure the safety flame is on at all times (yellow/orange flame).
Measure out 15ml of Hydrochloric Acid in the measuring cylinder.
Pour the Hydrochloric Acid into the Magnesium test tube.
Test the test tube for gases (see previous experiment).
Record observation in data table.
Repeat steps 2-5 for the other metals.
Data
Metal
Observation
Gas Test
Magnesium
Zinc
Copper
Iron
Calcium

11. Results
(Describing what you observed) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion
(Go back to the practical question – What reactions take place when acid is mixed with metal? – Can you answer this now using the introduction information and the information from your last 2 investigations? Is there any pattern?)
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Extension Questions
Many metals react with _________________ to produce ________________ gas. We can test this gas with a ________________ splint. The gas burns with a squeaky __________.

12. Self Assessment
Check through your work for lesson 3.
Complete any work that is outstanding
Write 2 things in the stars that you did well.
Write 2 things in the cloud that you could improve on.

13. Practical 4: - Investigating metals and water (What reactions take place when water is mixed with metals?)
Introduction
You have now investigated the chemical reaction between a metal and an acid.
You will investigate the chemical reaction between a metal and water.
Equipment
Test tube rack
5x test tubes
Water
Measuring cylinder
Magnesium
Zinc
Copper
Iron
Calcium
Diagram

14. Method
Set up Bunsen burner on heatproof mat. Make sure the hole is open on the Bunsen burner before lighting it. Make sure the safety flame is on at all times (yellow/orange flame).
Measure out 15ml of Hydrochloric Acid in the measuring cylinder.
Pour the Hydrochloric Acid into the Magnesium test tube.
Test the test tube for gases (see previous experiment).
Record observation in data table.
Repeat steps 2-5 for the other metals.
Data
Draw a data table to record your observations.
Use a pencil and ruler.
Hint: - Look at the data table from the last investigation.

15. Metal Observation Gas Test
Results (Describing what you observed) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Data after being left for a few days
Metal
Observation
Gas Test
Magnesium
Zinc
Copper
Iron
Calcium

16. Conclusion
(Go back to the practical question – What reactions take place when acid is mixed with metal? – Can you answer this now using the introduction information and the information from your last 2 investigations? Is there any pattern?)
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Extension Questions
What two things does iron have to be protected from to stop it rusting?
What is the word equation for the reaction of a metal and steam?

17. Peer Assessment
Complete any work that is outstanding
Swap your work for lesson 4 with another pupil.
Write 2 things in the stars that they did well.
Write 2 things in the cloud that they could improve on.

18. Practical 5: - Investigating carbonates and acids (Do all carbonates react with any acid to produce Carbon Dioxide?)
Introduction
What happens when you open a can of Cola that has been shaken? ___________________________________________________________________
Do you know which gas puts that “fizz” in a fizzy drink? __________________________________________________________________
It is the same gas as we breathe out . Fizzy drinks are also known as “carbonated” drinks. The name comes from the carbon dioxide gas dissolved in them.
You will investigate the chemical reaction between different carbonates and different acids. You will be assessed on this task.
Equipment
Test tube rack
1 sidearm test tube with deliver arm
Hydrochloric Acid
Sulphuric Acid
Nitric Acid
Limewater
20ml measuring cylinder
Calcium Carbonate
Magnesium Carbonate
Sodium Carbonate
You will only have one test tube with a side arm to test all three carbonates three times – how will you keep the experiment a fair test? Explain your answer ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

19. Diagram
Method
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20. Data
Draw a data table to record your observations.
Use a pencil and ruler.
Hint: - Use the data table from Practical 2 as a template – the headings are NOT the same! Don’t forget somewhere to record observations as well as Carbon Dioxide test.

21. Results (Describing what you observed – make sure you answer the following questions) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Conclusion (Go back to the practical question – Do all carbonates react with any acid to produce Carbon Dioxide? – Can you answer this now using the introduction information and the information from your results?) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

22. Level Ladder Self Assessment Level of work marked: Peer Assessment Name of pupil marking work: - __________________________________________ Teacher Assessment Teacher name:_______________________________________________________ Comments:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Level 4
Write a basic method that is bullet pointed.
Attempted to draw appropriate diagrams.
Attempted to draw a data table in pencil with a ruler.
Wrote a brief result section with limited information.
Wrote a conclusion but is not backed up with enough evidence.
Level 5
Write a detailed method that is bullet pointed.
Drawn suitable diagrams with correct labels.
Drawn a suitable data table in pencil with a ruler.
Wrote a results section with most information needed.
Wrote a conclusion that is backed up with some evidence.
Level 6
Write a very detailed method that is bullet pointed and clear.
Describe how you made your experiment safe.
Drawn a good data table in pencil with a ruler.
Wrote a results section with all information needed.
Wrote a good detailed conclusion all backed up with good evidence.