1. Vibrio cholera Vibrio parahaemolyticus
DR .Ruaa Elias
College of Medicine
Department: Microbiology

2. List of Contents: Objectives Introduction Important properties
Transmission-worldwide
Biological classification
Diagnosis
Antigenic structure
Virulence factors
Clinical Finding
Treatment

3. Objectives:
- Vibrio cholera infection is horizontal transmission may occur via fecal oral route specially from drinking contaminated water
-Vibrio cholera remains in lumen of small intestines and cause Severe diarrhea(cholera )
-Epidemic can occur anywhere
-The students must learn all detail about the virulence factors,pathogenicity and diagnosis, treatment of these very important bacteria

4. Introduction -Vibrio cholera is a genus of Gram-negative
bacilli bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family.
-They are among the most common bacteria in surface water worldwide.

6. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio cholera
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Important properties:
1- They are curved Gram negative rods,
motile, non-capsulated, non- spore
forming bacteria.
2- Most important strains is
O1, O139

7. Transmission-worldwide
-Human GI Tract is the reservoir
for the organism
- Vibrio cholera may exist free
living in fresh water
- Horizontal transmission may occur via
fecal oral route specially from drinking
contaminated water
-Epidemic can occur anywhere

8. Biological classification
Vibrio cholera has two biotypes
1- Classical El-Tor
The two biotypes are distinguished
on the basis of hemolysis and
antimicrobial susceptibility.

9. Antigenic structure
- Vibrio cholera has somatic lipopolysaccharides (O-Antigens) that confer serologic specificity
There are more than 140 (O) antigen groups. The group O1 antigen has 3 determinants
which occur in combinations and are termed
1- INABA
2- OGAWA
3- HikOJIMA

10. Virulence factors 1- Exotoxin (Enterotoxin) (Cholera toxin).
Consists of subunits A and B.
2- Ganglioside GM1 serve as the mucosal
receptor for subunit B which promotes entry
of subunit A into the cell.

11. Virulence factors Subunit A activates adenylate cyclase
and results in prolonged hyper secretion
of water and electrolytes as much as
20L daily leading to sever dehydration,
Acidosis, shock and death.IQ

12. Clinical inding Cholera
Symptoms; painless, voluminous and odorless “rice water”diarrhea. No fever. Can be fatal
-Vibrio cholera remains in lumen of
small intestines. Severe diarrhea, Vomiting, Muscle cramps (leg cramps), Dehydration, Electrolyte imbalance.

13. Clinical Finding
-Hypotension, Loss of skin turgor, Sunken eyes, Renal failure, Death.
-Complications: electrolyte losses and
imbalances, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia (especially in children)
and abortion in pregnancy

14. Clinical Finding -Diagnosis is based on symptoms, history,
and stool culture “rice water”diarrhea.
curved Gram negative rods.

15. Watery Diarrhea in Cholera.
Watery Diarrhea in Cholera
(Rice Water)

16. Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio parahaemolyticus

17. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Beta hemolytic
on blood-agar

18. Treatment 1- Immediate and continuous oral or IV
replacement of fluids and electrolytes is
absolutely essential.
2- A solution of table salt plus cooked
rice together in water can substitute as
an oral home treatment.
3- Tetracycline or Doxycycline to speed up recovery.

19. Summary
Vibrio cholera is curved Gram negative bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family.-They are among the most common
bacteria in surface water worldwide.iinfection is horizontal transmission may occur via fecal oral route specially from drinking contaminated water, epidemic can occur anywher
Vibrio cholera remains in lumen of small intestines and cause Severe diarrhea(cholera). Has two biotypes: Classical , El-Tor and has more than 140 (O) antigen groups .They produce virulance facter :Exotoxin (Enterotoxin) (Cholera toxin) Consists of subunits A and B. The Symptoms; painless, voluminous and odorless “rice water”diarrhea. No fever Can be fatal .Treatment Immediate and continuous oral or IV replacement of fluids and electrolytes is absolutely essential andTetracycline or Doxycycline to speed up recovery.

20. References
Medical Microbiology, edited by Jawetz,E., Brooks,G.F.; Carroll,K.C.;Butet,J.S.; Mores,S.A.and Mietzner,T.A th ed.
Medical Microbiology, edited by Jawetz,E., Brooks,G.F.; Butet,J.S and Mores,S.A th ed.
Internet access .

21. Question?

22. Thanks a lot