1. Section 1-Polling Question
Given the choice, would you prefer to work in a factory in the North, at a farm in the South, or as a fur trapper in the West?
A. Factory in the North
B. Farm in the South
C. Trapper in the West A B C

2. Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny (1818-1853)
Section 1 The Oregon Country

3. Chapter Time Line

4. Chapter Time Line

5. Section 1-Essential Question
How did the belief in Manifest Destiny influence western settlement?

6. The Oregon Country
A huge area between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean
North of California- Included Oregon, Washington, and Idaho
Plus parts of Montana and Wyoming
Also half of the Canadian Province of British Columbia
The US, Britain, Spain, and Russia all claimed this area

7. Section 1
The Oregon Country consisted of what part of the present-day United States?
A. the Northeast
B. the Northwest
C. the Southeast
D. the Midwest A B C D

8. Adams–Onís Treaty
Many wanted to control Oregon to access the Pacific Ocean
1819- Secretary of State John Quincy Adams negotiated the Adams–Onís Treaty with Spain
Spain gave up their part of Oregon
1824- Russia gave up their claim to area south of Alaska
1818- Adams worked out a joint occupation agreement with Britain
1000s of Americans steamed into the Oregon Country

9. Group Question- Why would people come to a new unknown land
Group Question- Why would people come to a new unknown land? Write possible reasons on your notes
:51

10. Why come to Oregon? The first Americans to Oregon were fur traders
Beaver skin was in high demand in the East and in Europe
The British and Americans set up trading posts
1808- John Jacob Astor organized the American Fur Company
Astor traded on the East Coast, the Pacific Northwest, and China

11. Getting the fur
At first, merchants traded for furs Native Americans supplied
Later, merchants got fur from Americans known as mountain men
Mountain men made a living by trapping beaver
Many had Native American wives and adopted Native American ways
Lived in buffalo-skin lodges and dressed in fringed buckskin pants, moccasins, and beads

12. Mountain Men Mountain men set traps in the spring and collected pelts
In late summer they gathered for a rendezvous
Here they traded their pelts for traps, guns, coffee, and other goods
They met with old friends
Also competed in races and swapped stories about their adventures

13. More Mountain Men Mountain men had to be resourceful
They needed courage and intelligence to live in the wilderness
Trapper Joe Meek was faced with starvation so he held his hands “in an anthill until they were covered with ants, then greedily licked them off”
After a while mountain men could no longer make a living trapping because…
Most of the beaver had been killed
Some moved to Oregon and settled on farms
Others, such as Jim Bridger and Kit Carson, worked as guides
These guides helped travelers along the Oregon Trail, California Trail, and Santa Fe Trail

14. The Whitman Mission
Among the first settlers to Oregon were missionaries who wanted to bring Christianity to Native Americans
Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife, Narcissa, went to Oregon in 1836 to build a mission among the Cayuse people near present day Walla Walla, Washington
Unknowingly, the settlers brought with them measles
Many of the children of the Cayuse were killed by an epidemic
The Cayuse blamed the Whitmans for the sickness
November The Cayuse attacked and killed the Whitmans and 11 others
Despite this, more settlers came to Oregon

15. The Oregon Trail The Panic of 1837 caused people to move
Tens of thousands of people made the trip to Oregon
The emigrants left the United States to go to Oregon
2,000 mile journey
Pioneers stuffed their prairie schooners with supplies
They met in Independence, Missouri and began the trip on the Oregon Trail
Across the Great Plains, along the Platte River, and across the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains
Then traveled north and west along the Snake and Columbia Rivers into the Oregon Country

16. May 22, 1853
Sunday the 22nd. Had a very high wind last night. It might be called a hurricane. Blew down all our tents. Had to turn our wagons back to the wind and lock both wheels and run the tongue in the ground to keep the wagon still. Came very near blowing our wagon over. Scattered our cattle in every direction. Next morning we found some kettles and pans that were not lost, and some pans and kettles that were lost we did not find. Some of our clothing was blown about a quarter of a mile from camp. We found all our cattle after considerable searching among other droves. I have seen the lightening and heard it thunder, but never saw any to equal this. The heavens were in a perfect blaze and the thunder rolled from one side to the other, as if it had no rest. Started about eight o’clock, concluded it was best to drive slow and let our company go on. Our cattle are getting poor. Camped about 2 miles from Platte river, near another small company. One of them came to us and asked us if we were traveling alone. He said they had only two wagons and no loose cattle. They had also 4 cows, 3 of them were giving milk, and we could have all the milk we wanted if we would join them. The company consisted of seven men and one woman.
The Oregon Trail Journal of Elizabeth J. Goltra

17. September 29, 1853
Thursday Sept. 29th. Drove out this morning quite early, this is a happy day to us. This day lands us where we can see once more a civilized community and once more enjoy the preached gospel and the society of Christians. Thanks be to the All Seeing Eye who has watched over us across the dreary plains and still more dreary mountains. Reached Oregon City about 3 o’clock. This the end of our journey of toil. We are landed safe in the “Willamette” Valley a point of great interest to all weary emigrants.
-The Oregon Trail Journal of Elizabeth J. Goltra

18. Manifest Destiny
Since colonial times, many Americans believed our nation should serve as a model of freedom and democracy
This changed in the 1800s- Many believed that the US should spread freedom by occupying the entire continent
1819- John Quincy Adams said expansion to the Pacific was inevitable “as that the Mississippi should flow into the sea.”
John O’Sullivan declared it was America’s “Manifest Destiny to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us.”
Meaning the US was clearly destined by God to extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific Ocean

19. A B C D Who coined the term “Manifest Destiny”? A. the mountain man
Section 1
Who coined the term “Manifest Destiny”?
A. the mountain man
B. James Polk
C. Henry Clay
D. John O’Sullivan A B C D

20. Fifty-Four Forty or Fight
Most Americans wanted the US to own all of Oregon
1844 election James Polk and the Democrats used the slogan- “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight”
Line of latitude they believed should be the nation’s northern border in Oregon
A firm believer in Manifest Destiny, Polk focused on making Oregon part of the US
Britain did not agree with the border at “Fifty-Four Forty”
1846- Britain and the US compromised and set the border between the US and British Oregon at latitude 49oN

21. Section 1-Essential Question
How did the belief in Manifest Destiny influence western settlement?
-The idea that Americans had a right to this land helped them feel justified in taking it away from others who were already living on the land or held claim to it.

22. Which was the last country to challenge the United States' control of Oregon?
Russia
Britain
Spain
Mexico

23. What allowed people from both Britain and the United States to settle in Oregon country?
rendezvous
Manifest Destiny
joint occupation
Oregon country occupation

24. Mountain men made their living as
merchants.
teachers.
politicians.
fur trappers.

25. Among the first settlers of the Oregon country, after trappers, were the
missionaries.
merchants.
schoolteachers.
farmers.

26. Oregon country was which direction from California?
north
south
east
west

27. What was the high point of the year for mountain men
What was the high point of the year for mountain men? Hint: Gnomes may or may not have been there
trading merchandise
Native American parties
rendezvous
meeting settlers

28. What philosophy meant that the United States was set apart to extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific?
rendezvous
emigrant
joint occupation
Manifest Destiny

29. Participant Scores
Points
Participant

30. Team Scores
Points
Team