1. The Rise and Expansion of Rome
EQ: How did Roman Republic work and how did it become an empire? Why did Christianity grow so powerful?

2. Origins of Rome
Rome began as a settlement (community) near center of modern day Italy.
Settlement was along the Tiber River near Apennines Mountain Range.
Allowed for productive farmland
Trade
Protected from Invasion
This peninsula was home to 3 groups of people from 700 to 500 B.C.
-Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans
Latins were first to build this settlement along Tiber River (first Romans) – built on series of 7 hills

3. A Kingdom Emerges
Rome was ruled by many kings since 8th century (701 B.C.)
Last king was Tarquin the Proud
Ruled harshly (cruel)
510 B.C. Romans remove Tarquin from power
Government is based on the will of the people, or a Republic.
Republic – government were power rests with citizens
King Tarquin
Many of the kings that ruled during this time were related to the Etruscans (a powerful groups from Northern Italy that had great impact on Roman culture).
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (died 495 BC) was the legendary seventh and final king of Rome, reigning from 535 BC until the popular uprising in 509 that led to the establishment of the Roman Republic. He is commonly known as Tarquin the Proud, from his cognomen Superbus (Latin for "proud, arrogant, lofty").
Romans remove Tarquin from power – they don’t want to live under his harsh ruling
They want their government to be based on peoples’ will
Check for Understanding: What brought an end to the Kingdom of Rome?

4. FYI: Republic? Sound Familiar?
What do we say when we say the Pledge of Allegiance?
What kind of government do we have?
What does this mean?
Republic is a form of government where citizens elect the leaders they want to represent them.
We call this form of government a democracy.
This system is a model for many democratic nations around the world.

5. From Republic to Empire
Rome was a Republic for 500 years
All free-born males could vote
Women could not vote
Laws were created to protect basic liberties

6. Roman Republic
Government consisted 2 leaders (or Consuls) and a Senate
Consuls ruled for 1 year
Senate kept a check on Consuls power
As a republic the average Roman citizens had a voice in government
However, the wealthy made sure that they had control of the Republic
Women had few rights (not seen as equal to men) even though they were citizens of Rome
Women could not be part of any political office
-Basic liberties would include; right to vote, right to a trial, and right to own property.
-Romans wanted to ensure that no one person would have too much power (REMEMBER TARQUIN? – They didn’t want that to happen again.
-The Senate was the Roman lawmaking body (made the laws) – Sound Familiar? CONGRESS (House of Representatives and Senate).
Roman Senate

7. FYI: U.S. Government
President
Congress
Three branches keep check so that no branch of government has too much power.
Supreme Court

8. Roman Army Romans had a powerful and Organized Army
Helped Expand their territory
Brought new resources to Rome
B.C. Romans defeated Carthage in Punic Wars
Romans get control of Mediterranean Sea
With such a power army, Romans will eventually conquer all of modern day Italy and surrounding lands.
-Punic wars were a series of wars that happened during 264 B.C. to 146 B.C. were Romans fought against a powerful North African civilization known as Carthage.
What benefits do Romans have with control of the Mediterranean Sea?

9. Decline of the Republic
Tensions between different classes in Roman society grew as Empire grew larger.
45 B.C. Julius Caesar brought order to Rome
Name himself sole ruler of Rome
Brought an end to the Roman Republic
-Cleopatra Queen of Egypt was Caesar’s Mistress (She later married Mark Antony – a famous Roman General)

10. Beware the Ides of March
3/15/44 B.C.
Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the Ides of March (March 15) 44 BC by a group of 60 Roman Senators and Politicians on the floor of the Roman Senate. Among the head leaders of the conspiracy was Marcus Junius Brutus. Politicians feared that Caesar would destroy the Republic by becoming Dictator for life.
Caesar and Marcus were very close.
Caesar viewed him like a son. Little did Caesar know that Brutus was a leader in a plot to execute Caesar as a tyrant.

11. Augustus After Caesar’s death, his son Octavian will rule Rome
Octavian takes the title of Augustus meaning “Divine One”

12. Rome Becomes an Empire Under Augustus rule Rome becomes an Empire
Empire – group of different cultures or territories led by a single ruler
Augustus becomes emperor
Starts a period known as Pax Romana or “Roman Peace” (27 B.C. to 180 A.D.)
Augustus is a careful and brilliant leader
-He uses his power to create a strong government
- Senate is represents citizens but has little power

13. Rome as an Empire By 100 AD Rome reached its largest size.
Ruled over 2 million square miles
Over 100 million people
Approximately 60 million people lied under this rule including: Celts, Germans, North Africans, Greeks, Syrians, Jews, and Egyptians

14. Rise of Christianity
At height of Rome’s power a new religion, Christianity, was spreading
Jesus viewed as threat by Roman leaders
Had many followers
Authorities arrested Jesus and put him to death
Followers continued to follow and spread Christianity throughout the Empire
Christianity – religion based on teachings of Jesus
Christians believed that Jesus is the son of God
Jesus born in Roman providence of Judea around 6 to 4 B.C.
He was a member of the Jews (practiced Judaism)
Jesus teachings included
Belief in a single God
To love God and neighbors as well as enemies
That God had a kingdom in heaven for those that follow his teachings
Christians believe Jesus rose fro the dead and went to heaven
Those who continued to follow his teachings did so with great risk as they were imprisoned and even killed
-Yet still Christianity spread
-As the empire grew weaker Christianity grew stronger

15. Summary
Complete a sentence summary explaining you essential questions as well as further information addressed in your notes (give detail).