1. “The Trojan War” And “The Fall of Troy”
Chapters 13/14
“The Trojan War”
And
“The Fall of Troy”

2. Bell ringer
Convince your partner why your hero is better than his or her hero!
Achilles’ Heel Vocab.

3. Objectives
SWBAT identify the essential characters and events of the Trojan War.
SWBAT investigate and evaluate the facts and mythological beliefs about the Trojan War through an epic such as The Iliad.
Students will review the definition of climax and discuss the term crisis.

4. AGENDA
Bell ringer: please check your answers to the matching portion of the homework or results of Achilles’ heel
Discussion of Chapters 13/14.
Exit slip-Choose sides!

5. The story of the Trojan War is a complicated tale full of numerous characters. Bell ringer: Please check your answers and discuss mistakes with your partner.
Patroclus c. Achilles’ best friend; killed by Hector
Achilles i. Greatest Greek warrior and victor; weakness in the heel
Hecuba a. Queen of Troy
Odysseus k. King of Ithaca; feigned madness to avoid going to war
Pandarus l. Broke truce by shooting an arrow at Menelaus
Paris j. His judgment began the Trojan War.
Oenone e. Nymph abandoned by Paris
Andromache n. Hector’s wife
Agamemnon o. Greek commander who steals Achilles’ prize of honor-(Briseis)
Eris h. Evil goddess of Discord
Briseis m. maiden who was stolen from Achilles
Thetis g. Achilles’ mother
Priam f. King of Troy
Helen b. Fairest woman in the world; cause of Trojan War
Hector p. Prince of Troy; “Tamer of Horses;” lost to Achilles
Menelaus d. Husband chosen for Helen; King of Sparta

6. The Iliad by Homer
The beginning of Greek literature is marked by The Iliad, which cannot be accurately dated, and which is attributed to the poet Homer, about whom nothing is known except his name and that he was blind.
In fact, many scholars believe Homer
may have actually been a woman!
#1. Edith Hamilton considers it the
greatest narrative poem!

7. The Iliad
The Iliad itself describes the events of a few weeks in the ten-year siege of Troy.
The subject of the epic poem is the anger of Achilles; the crisis of the poem is the duel between Achilles and Hector.
(climax-The turning point of uncertainty and tension resulting from earlier conflict in a plot. At the moment of crisis in a story, it is unclear if the protagonist will succeed or fail in his struggle.)
War and peace, with their corresponding aspects of human nature are implicit in every situation and statement of the poem. (Think THEME!)

8. 2. What caused the Trojan War?
Paris is asked to choose among Aphrodite, Hera, and Athena as the fairest (prettiest) woman.
He gives the golden apple to Aphrodite because she has promised to give him the fairest woman (HELEN) in the world.
This “judgment of Paris” eventually leads to the Trojan War.

9. 3. Helen of Troy
Helen is the fairest mortal in the world; Aphrodite knows this and brings Paris to Helen. All the former suitors of Helen have sworn to punish anyone who tries to take her away after her marriage to Menelaus.
When Paris (the prince of Troy) breaks the bond and carries Helen away, they vow revenge on Troy and the war begins.

10. 4. How does Odysseus (Ulysses) feel about the war?
He pretends to be insane because he does not want to leave his family.
However, he gives himself away when his son’s life is threatened.

11. 5. What happens to Achilles?
His mother does not want him to go to Troy because he is destined to die if he does so.
He, too, is discovered and made to go. She attempts to protect him with a charm.

12. 6. What sacrifice is Agamemnon required to make?
If he is to save his ships; he has to sacrifice his eldest daughter, Iphigenia. He does so after the winds remain unfavorable for sailing.
7. What happens at the end of nine years of fighting with neither side victorious?
There is a quarrel, and Achilles refuses to fight any longer. The Greeks begin to be driven back.

13. 8. What happens during a pause in the war?
Paris and Menelaus fight in single combat. Menelaus wins, but Paris (protected by Aphrodite) escapes unharmed.
9. What happens to Patroclus?
When Achilles continues to refuse to fight, Patroclus borrows his armor and is killed by Hector.

14. 10. What does Achilles do then?
He comes forward in order to get revenge for his friend’s death.
Hector and Achilles are engaged in battle, even though Achilles knows that he will die if Hector dies.
After Achilles has killed Hector; he drags his body around the city.
Later, he returns the body to King Priam (Hector’s father) and indicates regret
for his actions.

15. 11. What happens to Achilles?
He dies when Paris shoots an arrow which strikes Achilles in his one vulnerable spot-his heel.

16. Chapter 14: The Fall of Troy
1. Who becomes the leader of the Greek efforts after Achilles is killed?
After Achilles is killed by the arrows of Hercules, Odysseus takes over the attempt to bring about the fall of Troy.

17. 2. What famous subterfuge (trick) do the Greeks use to overthrow Troy?
The Greeks build a huge wooden horse and hide several warriors inside it. This is brought in front of the gates of Troy. The Trojans are convinced that the horse is a means of placating Athena. It is pulled into the city. Troy is destroyed when the Greek warriors inside the horse come out, kill the Trojan guards, and open the gates of the city.

18. 3. After the fall of Troy, what mistakes do the Greeks make?
They celebrate their victory but do not give credit to the gods for their victory.
Athena and Poseidon punish them.

19. Exit Slip: (4 gods under each army!)
As the Trojan War raged on between the Greeks and Trojans, the gods each chose a favorite side. Place each god under the appropriate column in the chart according to which side he or she supported.
GREEKS TROJANS
(4 gods under each army!)

20. GREEKS TROJANS Answers HERA APHRODITE ATHENA ARES POSEIDON APOLLO
ARTEMIS ZEUS