1. CSCI206 - Computer Organization & Programming
Computer Abstractions and Technology
zyBook: 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8
PH: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
Based on materials from MKP, and Prof. Mary Jane Irvin (PSU)

2. Outline Recap last lecture Today we will discuss Course logistics
C vs Python
Today we will discuss
Abstraction
Hardware and software
ISA

3. What’s in a computer You see a monitor (screen) of some kind
You see a keyboard of some kind
You know there is memory units, CPU, power units, and others
But what makes all these units possible?

4. The Transistor
Source:

5. Integrated circuits
By The original uploader was Zephyris at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by TenIslands using CommonsHelper., CC BY-SA 3.0,

6. Moore’s Law
“The number of transistors on a chip will double about every two years.” (18 months)
Source:

7. Where computers are

8. Good news, all of these computers need software!
Where computers are
Good news, all of these computers need software!

9. Personal Computers General purpose
Run a wide variety of (3rd party) software
Strong cost/performance tradeoffs

10. Server / Cloud Computing
Google Datacenter in Mayes County, Oklahoma
Network based
High performance, memory capacity, and reliability
Range from small racks to warehouse size

11. Embedded Computers Hidden in other systems Runs one program forever
often not changeable by the user
Stringent power/performance/cost constraints
Largest class of computers (by number)!

12. Personal Mobile Devices
Battery operated
power constrained
Wireless connectivity
User can add new “apps”

13. Byte / Kilobyte / Kibibyte
Decimal prefixes (SI) - typically used for physical quantities, speeds, volume, length, area, etc.
Binary prefixes (CS) - used by computer scientists to measure amounts of binary data.

14. Concept
ABSTRACTION
a technique for dealing with complex systems; hide the lower-level details and expose what is meaningful for the high-level functionality.

15. Abstractions

16. Abstractions
CS315 / CS205
CS206 / CS320
ECEG240
ECEG350 / PHYS235

17. Software abstraction?
From your reading of the textbook, can you outline software abstraction?

18. Abstractions Applications software: Systems software: Operating System
web browser, PDF, music player...
Systems software:
libraries, compiler, assembler, linker...
Operating System
task scheduling, memory management, IO...
Hardware
processor, memory, bus, IO (network, disk, etc)...

19. Concept Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
the interface between hardware and low-level software; registers, instruction set, addressing modes, etc.: everything that one needs to know to build a working machine language program.

20. ISA
The interface between software and hardware

21. ISA
“This abstract interface enables many implementations of varying cost and performance to run identical software.”
(PH p.22)
x86-64

22. System Abstractions Application Binary Interface (ABI)
ISA
Application Binary Interface (ABI)
OS + ISA + system libraries
Linux ABI (system call interface)
on x86-64, i386, MIPS, ARM
Mac OS X ABI
on x86-64, 32/64 bit Power PC
Windows ABI
x64 vs x86
ABI

23. Key points Moore’s law Abstraction used in hardware and software
instruction set architecture (ISA)
application binary interface (ABI)