1. CANCER CAUSES, REMEDIES & PREVENTION
Dr. Rashi Agrawal
MD (Radiation Oncology)
Cancer specialist

2. Understand cancer Not just one disease but group of diseases.
There are more than 100 different types of cancer.

4. How do normal cells become cancerous?

5. Building is made of bricks
Cell- smallest functional unit of body

6. DNA Damage

7. Normal cells become abnormal and divide without stopping

8. Malignant vs Benign

9. Symptoms Hard lump Non-healing ulcer Persistent symptoms
Pain- late feature

10. Clinical pictures

12. Cancers mimicking other diseases
lung cancer as tuberculosis
bone tumors as traumatic swellings
breast cancers as non cancerous lumps
rectal cancers as piles
stomach cancers as ulcer problem and indigestion

13. Don't fear , fight cancer >50 % are preventable
>98% are curable in stage 1
>80 % are curable in stage 2
Be Aware : fight it with knowledge.

15. Tobacco

16. Tobacco Cigarettes contain over 4000 toxic chemicals –
50 of which are known
to cause cancer!

17. Alcohol

18. OBESITY Established risk - Ca Breast Ca Colon Ca Endometrium
Ca Esophagus
Renal Cell Carcinoma

19. Diet Diet - most important factor after tobacco and alcohol.
Life style and diet account for most cancers in non tobacco users

20. Genetic causes
Genetic factors may play a role in up to 20% of cancers.
Breast
Colorectal
Ovary
Prostate

21. Other causes Pollution – air, water Radiation Occupation
Chemicals- insecticides, pesticides

24. Why we do start smoke Parents/friends smoke Looks cool
Curious-experimenting
Peer Pressure
Want to fit in
Parents/friends smoke
What other reasons?

25. TOBACCO COMPANIES

27. Balanced Diet

29. 5 servings of fruit and vegetable per day(400- 800 gms)
Dietary recommendations
5 servings of fruit and vegetable per day( gms)
7 servings of cereals, pulses, tubers and plantains
Avoid Alcohol

30. Recommended 1 hour brisk walk daily and rigorous exercise once weekly
limit weight gain in adulthood not exceeding 5 kg

31. Benefits Proved in more than 4500 research studies world wide
Dietary regulation-risk reduction by 30-40%
Dietary+life style regulation-risk reduction by %
Fruits everyday- 20%risk reduction

32. Early Diagnosis Regular health check ups –
Screening for carcinoma cervix, breast, prostate and head & neck cancer
Don’t ignore your symptoms

33. Screening in breast cancer
American cancer society recommends
annual mammography and
clinical breast examination after 40 years of age

34. Screening for prostate cancer
Starts at the age of 50 yrs in average risk population.
Clinical examination and serum PSA yearly.

35. Investigations
Biopsy – must
Does not spread cancer

36. Investigations
X ray
CT scan
MRI
Bone scan
Whole body PET CT

37. Staging the cancer
For every patient
To plan treatment
For prognosis

38. Treatment Myths Cancer – not curable Treatment is only symptomatic
Spreads fast after surgery
Contagious

39. Treatment modalities Surgery –
Should be done by specialist in cancer surgery
Local treatment
Plastic surgery

40. Radiotherapy Two types
From outside (external beam radiotherapy)- more common
From inside (brachytherapy)

41. Radiotherapy
X rays
Not painful
Local treatment

42. Radiotherapy
KV / CBCT imaging arms
Clinac-iX

44. Techniques 2 D conventional radiotherapy 3D conformal radiotherapy
Intensity modulated radiotherapy
Image guided radiotherapy

45. Conventional radiotherapy

46. Intensity modulated radiotherapy

47. Image guided radiotherapy

49. Brachytherapy

51. Chemotherapy
Through injections
or tablets

52. Conclusion Don't fear , fight cancer
> 50 % are preventable- WHO estimates that 50-75% of all cancers are related to personal habits
>98% are curable in stage 1
>80 % are curable in stage 2
Be Aware : fight it with knowledge.

53. Active life style
Healthy Diet
No to smoking and alcohol
No to stress