1. Welcome to U.S. History!
With your group, discuss the reasons why it is important to study history.
Have one person jot down your ideas.
Choose one that you think is the most important.

2. Industrialization
After the civil war industry rapidly expanded
Today we will explore the reasons for this major industrialization expansion

3. Natural Resources Timber Coal Iron Copper
Predict where you think these resources are located on the map:
Unlike other countries, the U.S. has all of the resources already here, in abundance. . .
Build more. . . cheaper

4. Petroleum Very high demand resource Used for ?
Kerosene, fuel for lanterns and stoves
Fueled economic expansion as a result
Thoughts on why. . .
Light and heat available for longer hours = more productivity

5. Transcontinental Railroad
Western settlement and the transcontinental railroad accelerated industrialization.
Why?
The transcontinental railroad took settlers and miners out west and carried resources back east.

6. Larger Workforce Better living conditions
Why move to the U.S.
Within 50 years, the population tripled
People were having larger families
Flood of 17 million immigrants during this time period
Resulted in:
Larger workforce
Higher consumer demand Why?
Better living conditions
Higher infant and childhood survival rates
Why would these be higher in the U.S.?
Most came from England, Ireland, Germany, Scandinavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Russia, Ukraine, Croatia.

8. Day 2 Warm Up Grab a paper from the front of the room
Complete Part One using your notes

9. New Inventions Technology increased the nation’s productivity, improved transportation and communication.
New inventions = new industries = more $$$ and more jobs
entions/thomas-edison

10. Electric Power Lewis Latimer Thomas Edison
Phonograph
Electric generator
Light bulb
Later he went on to perfect the battery and motion picture
Lewis Latimer
Edison’s employee invented cheap long lasting filaments for light bulbs
Electric lights are now more affordable

11. Edison Video Discussion Questions
After inventing the light bulb, what was Thomas Edison’s next great innovation?
Why did Edison choose Wall Street in New York for his first power station.
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12. Electric Power Streetlights Cities are now safer Electric trolley
Faster commute times to work
Electric devices
Chores are now easier
Electric kitchen stove
Owned the first commercial radio station
George Westinghouse
Alternative Current (AC system)
Distributed electricity over long distances. This resulted in. . .
Widespread improvement in living conditions
How?

14. Other great industrialization era inventions
Alexander Graham Bell- transmit sound via electric current.
How did this improve life?
Families can quickly get in touch
Businesses can place orders more quickly
News travels faster
Bell Telephone became American Telephone and Telegraph: AT&T
Thaddeus Lowe- icemaking machine
Gustavus Swift- refrigerated railcar
Meat can now be shipped long distances
Food prices drop
Christopher Sholes- typewriter
Josephine Cochrane- automatic dishwasher

15. http://www. bing. com/videos/search

16. http://www. bing. com/videos/search

17. Why did the prices of products drop as a result of new inventions?

18. Journal
Which is the most important industrial revolution invention and why?

19. Free Enterprise
How did laissez faire economics promote industrialization?
Enterprise = business
Entrepreneurs
Organize, manage, assumes the risks of a business or enterprise
Entrepreneurs are motivated by. . .
Money $$$
They risk their own money or capital to run a business

20. Connection with new inventions
Inventors are not rich.
They are scientists, tinkerers, idea people.
They need money to create groundbreaking technology and new inventions.
How do they get it?
Shark tank?
Inventors went to these entrepreneurs and businessmen and asked them to fund their project and share in the profits.

21. Who are these entrepreneurs?
Most were New Englanders
Traders
Fisherman
Textile mill owners
Many of these entrepreneurs invested in the railroads and factories
Foreign investors also took part in owning American businesses.
Why?

22. Today’s Guiding Question: How did laissez faire economics promote industrialization?

23. Laissez Faire Economics
"hands off" government
Interfered in the economy and business practices as little as possible
Other countries imposed stiff taxes (tariffs) on exports and imports
In the U.S. wages and prices of goods were determined by supply and demand NOT. . .
By the government, as was the case in other countries
Free market = competition = more money for everyone involved

24. How did the U.S. practice Laissez Faire Economics?
State and federal governments kept taxes (tariffs) and spending low.
There were no costly regulations to control spending, prices, wages, working conditions.

25. U.S. vs. Europe
Europe was divided into so many countries each with their own tariffs (taxes) on imports and exports.
U.S. had open trade with no tariffs thanks to the U.S. Constitution.
Why do you think the founding fathers set the Constitution up this way?
The U.S. did not have any costly regulations on industry to try and control wages and prices.
Is this a good or bad thing?

26. Summary

27. Exit Ticket- on post-it, stick it on the stoplight on your way out.
Industrializaton
Stoplight
Green= Got it!
Yellow= I sort of understand
Red= I don’t get it at all

28. Lesson 2 The Railroads 1865- 35,000 miles of railroad tracks
,000 miles of track
Key legislation: Pacific Railway Act
Gave 2 companies: Union Pacific and Central Pacific permission to build
Railroad workers included:
Civil War veterans, Irish immigrants, miners, farmers, cooks, adventurers, ex convicts
10,000 workers

29. The entire railroad was constructed in 4 years.
Each mile of track required 400 rails, and 10 spikes for each rail.
Starting out west, 688 miles of railroad track were laid out.
Railroad Workers
4 California business owners: Leland Stanford, Charley Crocker, Mark Hopkins, Collis Huntington bought the Central Pacific Railroad Company.
Shortage labor in California, so they hired 10,000 workers from China
Paid them $1 a day

30. Railroads Spur Growth Linking the nation by railroads increased:
Markets for products
Stimulated the economy by:
Spending huge amounts of money on supplies:
Steel, coal, timber, etc
Hundreds of small unconnected railroads were integrated into large railroad systems.
Inventions:
Air brakes enabled railroads to put longer and heavier trains on lines
New technology made the railroads more efficient which means
Cost to use the train to ship freight drops