1. Ch 19: The Industrial Revolution

2. Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age
Industrial Revolution origins: began in Britain, shift from handmade to mass produced goods
Impact on rural life: country villages grew into towns & cites, people moved from bldg everything to buying clothing & food produced by others

3. Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age
"new inventions": train, steamship, sewing machine, scientific firsts
anesthetic: American dentist develops a drug that prevents pain during surgery

4. Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age
"the West": originally stood for industrialized countries in Europe
Dutch influence on agriculture: built dikes, smaller fields, first fertilizers; British mixed soils, started farm journals, & began 3 field crop rotation

5. Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age
Lord Charles Townshend: urged turnip growth to restore soil
Jethro Tull: invented the seed drill - deposited seeds in rows rather than scattering by hand

6. Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age
Enclosure: process by which rich landowners consolidated land which was communally farmed by peasants, driven by need for pastures for sheep
Population boom? Pop. Soared from 5 to 9 mil in Britain during 1700s - due to surplus food, better hygiene & medical care, reductions in disease

7. Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age
Thomas Newcomen: developed the steam engine: powered by coal

8. Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age
James Watt: innovated the steam engine in 1764 & it led to advancements in transportation (RR & Steamships)
The Watt: unit measure of electrical or mechanical power
1 horsepower = watts

9. Section I: Dawn of the Industrial Age
Matthew Boulton: shrewd manufacturer who formed partnshp w/ Watt, founded Soho Engineering Works to mass produce engines
Abraham Darby: invented new way of using coal to smelt iron (separate iron from ore)
Abraham Darby III: built first Iron bridge

10. Section II:Britain Leads the Way
Why Britain?
•population boom
•jobless work force
•migration to cities led to demand for goods
•abundance of natural resources (ports, rivers, canals, supply of coal & iron)

11. Section II:Britain Leads the Way
capital: $ used to invest in enterprise
enterprise: a business or organization in the areas of shipping, mining, RR’s, or factories

12. Section II:Britain Leads the Way
entrepreneurs: those who invest & assume the financial risk of new ventures
"putting-out" system: in home industry whereby peasant families made a living spinning cloth for hire

13. Section II:Britain Leads the Way
John Kay: inventor of the Flying shuttle: device which enabled workers to outpace spinners ending the putting out system

14. Section II:Britain Leads the Way
James Hargreaves: inventor of the spinning jenny: device which spun numerous threads at the same time

15. Section II:Britain Leads the Way
Richard Arkwright: inventor of the water frame: which allowed a spinning machine to be powered by water

16. Section II:Britain Leads the Way
Eli Whitney: 1793 invented the cotton gin: that separated the husk from the cotton

17. Section II:Britain Leads the Way
First factories? Inventions ended the putting out system & brought about the factory which was first built on streams to harness the water power

18. Section II:Britain Leads the Way
Turnpikes: private roads built by entrepreneurs who charged a toll for the use of these roads to more safely & quickly move product to market

19. Section II:Britain Leads the Way
Canal boom: built by entrepreneurs to more quickly connect inland towns with coastal ports for the further movement of goods to overseas markets

20. Section II:Britain Leads the Way
George Stephenson: inventor of the steam powered locomotive which pulled carts along iron rails in the first form of mass transit over land

21. Section II:Britain Leads the Way
Liverpool-Manchester: world’s first major railroad route from an inland factory town to a coastal port (1830)