1. NEBOSH General Certificate Unit 16
Monitoring,
Review
&
Audit

2. Session Aims
An understanding of the proactive and reactive monitoring systems
An understanding of the scope and nature of a health and safety audit

3. Learning Objectives
To be able to use a variety of proactive and reactive monitoring procedures
To be able to carry out a workplace inspection – produce action plan
Use different types of safety inspection
To be able to review performance
Explain meaning and preparations needed for an audit

4. The Main Elements in HS(G) 65
Organising
Planning and Implementing
Measuring Performance
Policy
Reviewing Performance
Auditing

5. Safety Culture Indicators
Accidents
Absenteeism
Sickness Rates
Staff Turnover
Legislation Compliance
Staff Complaints

6. Safety Culture Safe Person
Competent Person
Communicates with workers by providing:
Safety Briefings that stress safety when giving work instructions
Encouragement via a reward scheme or ‘pat on the back’
Feedback on hazard identification and control measures in place
Information, Instruction, Training & Supervision
Co-operation
Control

7. Job Safety Analysis Hazards - Risk - Likelihood - Severity
Cradle to grave approach to a specific task
Identify and evaluate the risks involved in that task
Break down the task into sections
Evaluate each section and decide on the control measures necessary to reduce the associated risks
Hazards - Risk - Likelihood - Severity
Practicable or Reasonably Practicable

8. Inspections & Audits Hazard & Operability Studies (HAZOP)
Used in potentially high-risk industries such as a petro-chemical plant
Based on what if questioning - What if:
The pump fails?
The flow rate detector mis-reads?
The gas supply is interrupted?

9. Why Monitor?
The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations Regulation 5
‘Every employer shall make and give effect to such arrangements as are appropriate, having regard to the nature of his activities and the size of his undertaking, for the effective planning, organisation, control, monitoring and review of the preventive and protective measures’

10. Monitoring
Proactive - The systematic inspection of plant and premises. Checking to ensure that your standards are being maintained.
Reactive - Something has gone wrong. Standards have not been maintained or a control measure has failed.

11. Monitoring
Proactive - look at what is actually happening compared to what is written in plans and standards.
Reactive - events direct us to look again at control measures:
accidents
near misses
dangerous occurrences
ill-health
complaints by the workforce
enforcement action

12. Reactive Active Assess action needed to deal with immediate risk
Assess level and nature of investigation needed
Investigate
Results & Analysis
Review Process

13. Inspections
A physical inspection of premises, plant and equipment. Undertaken by:
Directors / Supervisors / Line Managers
Health & Safety Advisor
Joint teams of managers and employees
Safety Representatives
Inspecting either together or working separately and then comparing notes

14. Proactive Monitoring
Safety Audits - Thorough, systematic and critical examination of systems and procedures
Workplace Inspections - Physical inspection of the workplace or aspects of the workplace
Safety Surveys - Detailed investigation of of one aspect of the workplace
Safety Tours - Brief examination of one or more aspect of the workplace
Safety Sampling - Inspection limited to a specific area or aspect of the workplace e.g. fire doors

15. Proactive Monitoring Safety Audits
A safety audit is: A thorough, systematic and critical examination of safety management systems and procedures
It should:
Asses the quality & implementation of the safety policy
Identify potential risks and their associated control measures
Analyse workplace activities and assess if they are being carried out safely

16. Proactive Monitoring Safety Representatives
The Safety Representatives & Safety Committee Regulations 1977
Safety Representatives may conduct inspections in the following circumstances:
After substantial changes to plant and equipment
After substantial changes in processes or methods
Following notifiable accident or dangerous occurrence
Following notifiable disease

17. Proactive Monitoring Safety Survey
A safety survey is a detailed investigation of one aspect of the workplace. Could be a survey of:
Noise
Dust
Temperature
Lighting
Fumes and/or Vapours

18. Proactive Monitoring Safety Tour
A safety tour is a brief examination of one or more aspects of workplace activities: Could be conducted by a small management team to:
Display commitment to health and safety
Gain familiarisation with layout
Compare theory with reality
Plan future series of inspections
Meet the staff

19. Proactive Monitoring Safety Sampling
Safety sampling is limited to certain areas or aspects of the workplace. Could be an inspection of all:
Fire doors
Prohibition signs (Red & White)
Mandatory signs (Blue & White)
Safety signs (Green & White)
PPE
Electrical portable appliances
Washrooms & toilets
All canteen facilities

20. Reactive Monitoring Injuries and cases of ill health Near-misses
Something has gone wrong. Standards have not been maintained or a control measure has failed. We are now involved with reporting of:
Injuries and cases of ill health
Near-misses
Hazards
Weaknesses or omissions in performance standards
Enforcement action by HSE or Local Auth

21. Safety Audit Football Club
Considerations:
Equipment
Chemicals
Traffic
Buildings
Fire Precautions
Electricity Supply & Electrical Equipment
Ground Location & Layout
Visitors
Labour
Documentation

22. Safety Audit Independent Expertise
An independent expert can be:
Engineering Surveyors
Insurance Company Staff
Insurance Brokers
Claims Investigators
Consultants
Health & Safety Inspectors
Local Authority Inspectors

23. Inspections & Audits Prioritising Results - Action Plan
Likelihood x Severity = Risk Rating
Urgent - Requiring immediate action
Routine - Requiring action over a period of time
Football Club Urgent:
Wiring for lights in the shower room
Use of equipment
Football Club Routine:
Soakaways from the showers
Improved system for control of contractors

24. Audits & Inspections Frequency
Depends on the workplace environment and the nature of the associated hazards. Rule of thumb:
Audit - Annually or every 2 to 3 years
Inspections - More frequently (monthly or every few months)
Note: Frequency should be detailed in the company safety policy

25. Report Writing
Senior Mangers need to know what they need to do, by when & how much it will cost
Use executive summaries
Findings linked to an action plan (SMART)
Spread responsibility for action
Have an different person for each action to ensure action plan is completed & progress is monitored

26. Effective Writing Who will read it? What are the aims?
What layout is required?
What style is appropriate?
What are the terms of reference?

27. Style Short Sentences - KISS Short Words - No Jargon Active Verbs
Technical Terms / Acronyms
Repetition - Avoid
Visual Aids - Charts, Graphs or Pictures
Examples

28. Drafts Brain storm & jot down your thoughts. Expand your thoughts.
Discard irrelevant issues.
Read it as if you were receiving it.
Read it aloud to check for tone.
Simplify the content (no long words).
Check all verbs - are they necessary?

29. Report Writing Introduction - Your terms of reference.
Summary - Short outline of important points
Method - What you did to comply with your terms of reference.
Findings - A logical list of what you found.
Conclusions - Nothing new at this stage.
Recommendations - Relevant & achievable.