1. SELETHULLING PLC
How to Investigate OSH accidents, how to prevent and Benefits obtained from investigation
Trainers:
Haileluel Mamo
PhD Candidate and lecture at AAiT
Kassu Jilcha
October, 2016
Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later.
For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur
As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss:
When are you required to notify LNI?
When are you required to conduct an investigation?
What is required to be in the investigation?

2. Objectives To know how to investigate accidents at workplace
To understand how to prevent workplace accidents and unsafe act
To know the benefits we obtain from accidents prevention
To understand the OD and OA and its impact
Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later.
For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur
As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss:
When are you required to notify LNI?
When are you required to conduct an investigation?
What is required to be in the investigation?

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4. Why do we investigate accidents?
Brain storming 1
Why do we investigate accidents?
Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later.
For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur
As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss:
When are you required to notify LNI?
When are you required to conduct an investigation?
What is required to be in the investigation?

5. Why Investigate accidents?
To prevent future incidents (leading to accidents).
To identify and eliminate hazards.
To expose deficiencies in process and/or equipment.
To reduce injury and worker compensation costs.
To maintain worker morale.
Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later.
For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur
As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss:
When are you required to notify LNI?
When are you required to conduct an investigation?
What is required to be in the investigation?

6. Include non injury accidents incidents
Investigation
Include non injury accidents incidents
Proactive: prior accident occurrence
Focus on leading OSH indicators
Preventative:
Reactive: This focuses on only lagging indicator

7. Accident Investigation
Questionnaires
Interview
Observation
Document review
Write report
Conclusion
Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later.
For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur
As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss:
When are you required to notify LNI?
When are you required to conduct an investigation?
What is required to be in the investigation?

8. Brainstorming
What do you expect that would be Future Accident Potential for your company if it continue in such manner?

9. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION:A 6-STEP PROCESS
Collect Information
Analyze All Causes
Assess Future Accident Potential
Develop Corrective Action
Report Data and Recommendations
Take Corrective Action and Monitor
Accident Investigation can be thought of as a 6 step process, as shown. Review each of the six steps in turn. Emphasize that the failure to properly and thoroughly complete any of the six steps will hinder the overall effectiveness of the investigation.
(The following set of slides cover each of the six steps in detail, so the purpose of this slide is merely to give an overview).
TRANSITION: Let’s look at each of these steps more closely, beginning with the collection of information...

10. General Main Steps of accident Investigation
Develop a plan
Assemble an investigation kit
Investigate all incidents and accidents immediately
Collect facts
Interview witnesses
Write a report
The next set of slides will outline each component you need for effective Accident Investigation. Then we will look into each component in more detail.
The time to develop your Company’s Accident Investigation Plan is before you have an incident or an accident.
The who, when, where, what and how should be developed before the incident.
Accident Investigation Training, investigation tools and your policies and procedures should be developed before the incident or accident.
One size will not fit all. Your Company’s motor vehicle investigation reports will differ from your warehouse investigations as will your off-site investigations.

11. WHY DO ACCIDENTs INVESTIGATIONS FAIL ?
GROUP DISCUSSION
Ask the class why Accident Investigations can sometimes fail, or be less than 100% effective. Record their answers on a flip chart.
The next slide provides sample answers to this question.

12. WHY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS FAIL...
Lack of time to complete
Lack of motivation to complete
Lack of accountability
Lack of skills & knowledge
Investigation stopped short and didn’t reveal all causes of the accident
Discuss each reason of why AIs fail, one by one. State that these are not the only reasons that AIs may fail or be less than effective, but they are the most common reasons. Ask the supervisors to identify any other reasons they can think of and write their responses on a flipchart.
This training session is designed to assist us in avoiding many of these pitfalls ourselves so that we can maximize the benefits from AIs. However, we need to be aware of these pitfalls and continually remind each other of the benefits of completing AIs thoroughly and consistently.
TRANSITION: Let’s briefly discuss the issue of accountabilities, roles, and responsibilities relating to Accident Investigation within our facility...

13. Write The Report Answer the following in the report:
When and where did the accident happen?
What was the sequence of events?
Who was involved?
What injuries occurred or what equipment was damaged?
How were the employees injured?
A timeline or chronological narrative is sometimes helpful.

14. Brain Storming Assignment 1:left as your assignment
Let you go around the workplace and Investigate the root causes of accidents’ in your company and report it.
Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later.
For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur
As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss:
When are you required to notify LNI?
When are you required to conduct an investigation?
What is required to be in the investigation?

15. Assignment 2:
What are the remedial actions/management systems you should take to solve the root causes of your workplace accidents?
Write the solutions you investigate to solve the root causes of accidents

16. Participation Questions: what are some of consequences of an Unsafe and Unhealthy Work Environment?

17. Consequences of an Unsafe and Unhealthy Work Environment
Injury and Disease
Back injuries are most prevalent
Exposure to Chemicals
Undetected effects, possible long-term risk
Mental Health
Psychological symptoms can affect productivity and life away from work
Deaths and Violence
Economic Costs

18. Accident Prevention /control methods List down the ways you expect?
Group Discussion
Accident Prevention /control methods
List down the ways you expect?
Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later.
For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur
As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss:
When are you required to notify LNI?
When are you required to conduct an investigation?
What is required to be in the investigation?

19. Accident Prevention /control methods
Corrective actions
Recommendations that are adopted
Inform and train employees and supervisors
Follow Up
Involve supervisors & employees
Are solutions:
Used?
Effective?
Solicit feedback
Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later.
For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur
As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss:
When are you required to notify LNI?
When are you required to conduct an investigation?
What is required to be in the investigation?

20. Safety and Health Management Systems
Five primary elements:
Management Commitment
Employee Involvement
Workplace Analysis
Hazard Prevention and Control
Safety and Health Training

21. Safety and Health Management Systems
Successful Implementation:
Requires work
Develop new or modified safety and health procedures and documents identified from assessments
Ensure adequate time and resources to train employees on all systems

22. Safety and Health Management Systems
Review:
Periodic reviews or audits will help identify:
Problems or deficiencies in the system
Develop corrective actions
Keep you on track to meet safety goals and objectives

23. Accident Prevention Design a safe work environment Ergonomics
Guards, handrails
Safety goggles, helmets
Warning lights
Self-correcting mechanisms
Automatic shutoffs
Ergonomics
Change job environment to match capabilities limitations of employees

24. Accident Prevention (cont’d)
Health and Safety Committees
At the department level, do implementation and administration
At the organization level, formulate policies
Behavior Modification
Small percentage of workforce responsible for majority of health insurance claims
Measure, communicate, monitor, and reinforce desired behavior
Assessing Intervention Effectiveness

25. Disease Prevention Reducing the Incidence of Diseases Record keeping
Monitoring exposure
Genetic screening

26. Creating a Safe Work Environment
Safety Awareness Programs
Safety Motivation and Knowledge
Elements in Creating a Safe Work Environment
Enforcement of Safety Rules
Accident Investigations and Records

27. Creating a Safe Work Environment (cont’d)
Promoting Safety Awareness
The Key Role of the Supervisor
Communicating the need to work safely.
Proactive Safety Training Program
First aid, defensive driving, accident prevention techniques, hazardous materials, and emergency procedures.
Information Technology and Safety Awareness and Training

28. Creating a Safe Work Environment (cont’d)
Typical Safety Rules
Using proper safety devices
Using proper work procedures
Following good housekeeping practices
Complying with accident- and injury-reporting procedures
Wearing required safety clothing and equipment
Avoiding carelessness and horseplay

29. Creating a Healthy Work Environment
Recognizing and Controlling Health Hazards Related to Hazardous Materials and Processes
Use substitutes for hazardous materials.
Alter hazardous processes and engineering controls.
Enclose or isolate hazardous processes.
Issue clothing to protect against hazards.
Improve ventilation.

30. Look at the Figure below
Brain Storming
Look at the Figure below
What suggestions do you give to the figure if you were asked questions related to OSH? Write down your suggestions for your observation.

31. Participation question
What costs do companies incur due to unsafe workplace?

32. THE COST OF INJURIES Workers’ Compensation Lost time Medical cost
Break in new person
Tool/equipment damage
Lost productivity
Insurance cost
weak Competitiveness

33. Benefits of OSH Control
Higher productivity
Increased efficiency and quality
Reduced medical and insurance costs
Lower workers’ compensation rates and payments
Improved reputation as an employer of choice
Invite participants to think about the difference between incident and accident. Tell them to think about it because we will talk about it later.
For the bullet: What RESULTS are you looking for: This would include removing or minimizing the potential for another occurrence. To seek to minimize the pain and suffering, equipment damage, loss of morale. Empower employees by having a system to address unsafe conditions or acts before other or more serious injuries occur
As part of the bullet on WISHA requirements wee will discuss:
When are you required to notify LNI?
When are you required to conduct an investigation?
What is required to be in the investigation?

34. Occupational Diseases
Disease-Causing Hazards:
Arsenic, asbestos, benzene, bichloromethylether
Coal dust, coke-oven emissions, cotton dust
Lead, radiation, vinyl chloride
Workers most likely to be exposed:
Chemical and oil refinery workers, miners, textile workers
Steelworkers, lead smelters
Medical technicians, painters, shoemakers, plastics industry workers

35. Diseases Linked to Workplace Hazards
Cancer
Liver, lung, brain, kidney
Lung Disease
White, brown, and black lung
Leukemia
Bronchitis, emphysema
Lymphoma, aplastic anemia
Central nervous system damage
Reproductive Disorders
Skin Diseases

36. Employee Health
Cleanliness ( sewerage and sanitation)
Air ventilation and temperature (maximum 25 – 30 degree Celsius)
Cross ventilation, required no of fans and exhaust fans
Thermometer kept in visible place
Dust Sucker, Mask
Lighting
Safe drinking water

37. Employee Safety
Safety of building equipment and other infrastructure
Fire fighting and safety ( emergency door, 2 per room, emergency staircase)
Fire fighting equipment
Safety against electrical wearing and connections
Crane and lift etc.
Turbine

38. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970
Mission of OSHA
To assure the safety and health of workers by setting and enforcing standards
providing training and education
establishing partnerships with businesses
encouraging continual improvements in workplace safety and health
Coverage of employees—all nongovernmental employers and employees; state and local government employees

39. Provisions of OSHA OSHA Standards Enforcement of the Act
Apply to general industry, maritime, construction, and agriculture
Cover the workplace, machinery and equipment, material, power sources, processing, protective clothing, first aid, and administrative requirements.
Enforcement of the Act
The Secretary of Labor is authorized by the Act to conduct workplace inspections, to issue citations, and to impose penalties on employers.

40. Thank you for Attention!